Commandments · Positive commandments

A sacrificial animal must be at least eight days old before it is offered

#101 Positive commandment Leviticus 22:27

The cited verse

The Hebrew (Masoretic Text)

שׁוֹר אוֹ־כֶשֶׂב אוֹ־עֵז כִּי יִוָּלֵד וְהָיָה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תַּחַת אִמּוֹ וּמִיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי וָהָלְאָה יֵרָצֶה לְקָרְבַּן אִשֶּׁה לַיהוָה

In Maimonides’ words

How Maimonides defines this commandment in his Sefer HaMitzvot — his own words, shown as a primary source.

היא שצונו שיהיה כל קרבן שנקריב מן הבהמה בן שמנה ימים או יותר ולא פחות מהם, וזהו מחוסר זמן בגופו. והוא אמרו והיה שבעת ימים תחת אמו. וכבר נכפל זה הצווי בלשון אחר, והוא אמרו יתעלה שבעת ימים יהיה עם אמו, ומצוה זו תכלול כל הקרבנות כלם, ומאמרו ומיום השמיני והלאה ירצה לקרבן אשה לה' יש ראיה שקודם זה לא ירצה. הנה כבר התאמתה האזהרה מהקרב מחוסר זמן אבל הוא לאו הבא מכלל עשה, לפיכך אין לוקין עליו ומי שהקריב מחוסר זמן אינו לוקה כמו שהתבאר בפרק אותו ואת בנו (חולין דף פ"א) ושם נאמר הנח למחוסר זמן שהכתוב נתקו לעשה. וכבר התבארו משפטי מצוה זו בספרי ובסוף מסכת זבחים. (אמור, איסורי מזבח פ"ג):

That is that we were commanded that any animal sacrifice that we offer be eight days old or more - and not less. And this is [the commandment of] that which is lacking time in its body. And that is His saying, "it shall stay seven days with its mother" (Leviticus 22:27). And this commandment has already been repeated with a different language. And that is His, may He be exalted, saying, "seven days it shall stay with its mother" (Exodus 22:29). And this commandment completely includes all of the sacrifices. And there is a proof that it is not accepted before then from His saying, "and from the eighth day, it will be accepted as a burnt-sacrifice to the Lord" (Leviticus 22:27). Behold the prohibition of offering that which is lacking time has already been demonstrated. However it is a negative commandment derived from a positive commandment. Hence we do not give lashes for it. So one who sacrifices [an animal] which is lacking time does not receive lashes, as it is explained in the chapter [entitled] Oto ve'et Beno (Chullin 80b). And there, it is said, "Leave that which is lacking time, as Scripture rectified it by a positive commandment." And the regulations of this commandment have already been explained in the Sifrei and at the end of Tractate Zevachim. (See Parashat Emor; Mishneh Torah, Things Forbidden on the Altar 3).

Hebrew: Sefer HaMitzvot, Warsaw 1883 (public domain). English: Sefaria Edition, trans. Rabbi Francis Nataf, 2021 (CC0). Via Sefaria; translator’s footnotes omitted.

Literary form: a ritual instruction

Applicability

How the catalog describes where and when this commandment applies. These are independent descriptions, not a verdict on which laws still count.

  • Requires a standing Temple

Classical halakhic consequences

The consequences the classical halakhah attaches to this commandment, grouped by who imposes them. Where a category has none recorded, that absence is itself meaningful.

Imposed by a court

No court-imposed penalty is recorded.

At the hands of Heaven

No divinely-imposed consequence is recorded.

Ritual remedy

No ritual remedy is recorded.

How the streams of Judaism treat this commandment

The streams of Judaism read the same commandment differently — an ongoing plurality, not a ranking. Each position below is reported as the catalog records it; none is presented as the correct one.

  • Orthodox Binding in principle
  • Conservative Kept as an ethical principle
  • Reform Not binding
  • Reconstructionist Not binding
  • Karaite Not binding

24 of 613 commandments have been examined in depth so far — this one is queued.

How later traditions received this commandment

How later traditions read or reworked this commandment, each attributed to its own voice. The catalog’s own classification of each reception is shown as it records it, never adopted as GEBible’s.

Philo of Alexandria

  • De Virtutibus 125-129 rationalized it

Beside the older legal codes of its world

The commandment set beside the ancient Near-Eastern legal collections scholars compare it to — a descriptive comparison, not a claim of dependence.

  • hittite instructions Hittite temple instructions specify the physical condition and fitness of animals presented for cult, including requirements that animals be sound before acceptance at the altar Relationship to the parallel: shared theme CTH 264 (Instructions to Temple Officials / 'Instructions for Temple Personnel') Goetze translation in ANET, pp. 207-211; cf. McMahon, The Hittite State Cult of the Tutelary Deities (1991), for CTH 264

Where this commandment meets modern human-rights frameworks

One modern normative lens, attributed to it — not GEBible’s assessment. Each row names the framework it measures against and the catalog’s own classification of the relation.

This framework catalogues tensions; it records agreement in only one of its entries. The near-total tension rate is the shape of the instrument, not a finding.

No tension with the catalogued modern frameworks is recorded here.

Source & licence

The commentary, cross-references, reception, and modern-conflict analysis in this section are drawn from a public compilation of the 613 commandments, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The cited biblical text is rendered from GEBible’s own public-domain reading corpus. CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab). GEBible’s presentation of this material is offered under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 terms.