Commandments · Positive commandments

To remove all leaven from one's possession before the fourteenth of Nisan

#139 Positive commandment Exodus 12:15

The cited verse

The Hebrew (Masoretic Text)

תַּשְׁבִּיתוּ שְּׂאֹר מִבָּתֵּיכֶם

In Maimonides’ words

How Maimonides defines this commandment in his Sefer HaMitzvot — his own words, shown as a primary source.

היא שצונו לבער חמץ מבתינו ביום ארבעה עשר מניסן וזו היא מצות השבתת שאור. והוא אמרו יתברך אך ביום הראשון תשביתו שאור מבתיכם. והנה התבארו דיני מצוה זו בפרק ראשון מפסחים. (בא אל פרעה, זמנים הלכות חמץ ומצה פ"ב):

That is that He commanded us to destroy chametz from our homes on the fourteenth day of Nissan. And this is the commandment of disposal of leaven. And that is His, may He be blessed, saying, "on the very first day you shall dispose of the leaven from your homes" (Exodus 12:15). And behold the laws of this commandment have already been explained in the first chapter of Pesachim (See Parashat Bo; Mishneh Torah, Leavened and Unleavened Bread 2.)

Hebrew: Sefer HaMitzvot, Warsaw 1883 (public domain). English: Sefaria Edition, trans. Rabbi Francis Nataf, 2021 (CC0). Via Sefaria; translator’s footnotes omitted.

Literary form: a ritual instruction

Applicability

How the catalog describes where and when this commandment applies. These are independent descriptions, not a verdict on which laws still count.

  • Recorded as practiced today

Classical halakhic consequences

The consequences the classical halakhah attaches to this commandment, grouped by who imposes them. Where a category has none recorded, that absence is itself meaningful.

Imposed by a court

No court-imposed penalty is recorded.

At the hands of Heaven

No divinely-imposed consequence is recorded.

Ritual remedy

No ritual remedy is recorded.

How the streams of Judaism treat this commandment

The streams of Judaism read the same commandment differently — an ongoing plurality, not a ranking. Each position below is reported as the catalog records it; none is presented as the correct one.

  • Orthodox Binding
  • Conservative Binding
  • Reform Kept as an ethical principle
  • Reconstructionist Not binding
  • Karaite Binding, with modification

24 of 613 commandments have been examined in depth so far — this one is queued.

How later traditions received this commandment

How later traditions read or reworked this commandment, each attributed to its own voice. The catalog’s own classification of each reception is shown as it records it, never adopted as GEBible’s.

Qumran (the Dead Sea Scrolls)

  • 11QTa (Temple Scroll) 17:8-9 affirmed it Attests the Passover/Massot festival framework generally rather than the specific tashbitu removal-of-leaven obligation

Rabbinic aggadah

  • Pesiqta de-Rav Kahana 7 expanded it homiletically

Philo of Alexandria

  • De Specialibus Legibus 2.158-159 read it allegorically

Josephus

  • Antiquities 2.317 affirmed it
  • Antiquities 3.249 affirmed it General description of the festival of unleavened bread rather than a specific affirmation of the removal obligation

The New Testament

  • 1 Corinthians 5:6-8 read it allegorically Paul reads the removal of the old leaven as purging 'malice and wickedness,' Christ as the Passover sacrifice
  • Matthew 16:6-12 read it allegorically 'leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees' as their teaching
  • Galatians 5:9 read it allegorically 'a little leaven leavens the whole lump'

The Church Fathers

  • Origen, Treatise on the Passover (Peri Pascha) read it spiritually Spiritualization of Passover typology broadly rather than a focused treatment of the leaven-removal command

Where this commandment meets modern human-rights frameworks

One modern normative lens, attributed to it — not GEBible’s assessment. Each row names the framework it measures against and the catalog’s own classification of the relation.

This framework catalogues tensions; it records agreement in only one of its entries. The near-total tension rate is the shape of the instrument, not a finding.

No tension with the catalogued modern frameworks is recorded here.

Source & licence

The commentary, cross-references, reception, and modern-conflict analysis in this section are drawn from a public compilation of the 613 commandments, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The cited biblical text is rendered from GEBible’s own public-domain reading corpus. CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab). GEBible’s presentation of this material is offered under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 terms.