Commandments · Positive commandments

To affix a mezuzah to the doorposts of one's house

#25 Positive commandment Deuteronomy 6:9

The cited verse

The Hebrew (Masoretic Text)

וּכְתַבְתָּם עַל־מְזוּזֹת בֵּיתֶךָ וּבִשְׁעָרֶיךָ

In Maimonides’ words

How Maimonides defines this commandment in his Sefer HaMitzvot — his own words, shown as a primary source.

היא שצונו לעשות מזוזה והוא אמרו יתעלה וכתבתם על מזוזות ביתך. והנה נכפל הצווי הזה. וכבר התבארו דיני מצוה זו בפ"ג ממנחות. (בפרשת ואתחנן, עקב, אהבה הלכות תפילין פרק ה'):

That is that He commanded us to make a mezuzah. And that is His, may He be exalted, saying, "And you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates" (Deuteronomy 6:9). And note that this command was repeated; and they have already explained the laws of this commandment in the third chapter of Menachot. (See Parashat Vaetchanan and Ekev; Mishneh Torah, Tefillin, Mezuzah and the Torah Scroll 5.)

Hebrew: Sefer HaMitzvot, Warsaw 1883 (public domain). English: Sefaria Edition, trans. Rabbi Francis Nataf, 2021 (CC0). Via Sefaria; translator’s footnotes omitted.

Literary form: a flat, unconditional command

Applicability

How the catalog describes where and when this commandment applies. These are independent descriptions, not a verdict on which laws still count.

  • Recorded as practiced today

Classical halakhic consequences

The consequences the classical halakhah attaches to this commandment, grouped by who imposes them. Where a category has none recorded, that absence is itself meaningful.

Imposed by a court

No court-imposed penalty is recorded.

At the hands of Heaven

No divinely-imposed consequence is recorded.

Ritual remedy

No ritual remedy is recorded.

How the streams of Judaism treat this commandment

The streams of Judaism read the same commandment differently — an ongoing plurality, not a ranking. Each position below is reported as the catalog records it; none is presented as the correct one.

  • Orthodox Binding
  • Conservative Binding
  • Reform Kept as an ethical principle
  • Reconstructionist Binding, with modification
  • Karaite Rejected

24 of 613 commandments have been examined in depth so far — this one is queued.

How later traditions received this commandment

How later traditions read or reworked this commandment, each attributed to its own voice. The catalog’s own classification of each reception is shown as it records it, never adopted as GEBible’s.

Qumran (the Dead Sea Scrolls)

  • Tefillin and mezuzah manuscripts from Qumran Cave 4 (4Q128-4Q155 group, including mezuzah texts) and 8QMez (8Q4) affirmed it

Rabbinic aggadah

  • y. Peah 1:1 / Genesis Rabbah analogues on Onkelos and the mezuzah expanded it homiletically
  • Deuteronomy Rabbah on Deut 6:9 expanded it homiletically

Philo of Alexandria

  • De Spec. Leg. 4 (treatment of the Shema-inscription commands; precise section uncertain) rationalized it

Josephus

  • Ant. 4.213 affirmed it

Where this commandment meets modern human-rights frameworks

One modern normative lens, attributed to it — not GEBible’s assessment. Each row names the framework it measures against and the catalog’s own classification of the relation.

This framework catalogues tensions; it records agreement in only one of its entries. The near-total tension rate is the shape of the instrument, not a finding.

No tension with the catalogued modern frameworks is recorded here.

Source & licence

The commentary, cross-references, reception, and modern-conflict analysis in this section are drawn from a public compilation of the 613 commandments, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The cited biblical text is rendered from GEBible’s own public-domain reading corpus. CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab). GEBible’s presentation of this material is offered under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 terms.