Commandments · Positive commandments

To make fringes (tzitzit) on the corners of garments

#31 Positive commandment Numbers 15:38

The cited verse

The Hebrew (Masoretic Text)

וְעָשׂוּ לָהֶם צִיצִת עַל־כַּנְפֵי בִגְדֵיהֶם לְדֹרֹתָם וְנָתְנוּ עַל־צִיצִת הַכָּנָף פְּתִיל תְּכֵלֶת

In Maimonides’ words

How Maimonides defines this commandment in his Sefer HaMitzvot — his own words, shown as a primary source.

היא שצונו לעשות ציצית והוא אמרו יתעלה ועשו להם ציצית ונתנו על ציצית הכנף. ואינה נמנית בשתי מצות, ואף על פי שהעיקר אצלנו התכלת אינה מעכבת את הלבן והלבן אינו מעכב את התכלת, שהרי נאמר בספרי יכול שהן שתי מצות מצות תכלת ומצות לבן תלמוד לומר והיה לכם לציצית מצוה אחת היא ואינה שתי מצות. וזו אין הנשים חייבות בה כמו שהתבאר בראשון מקידושין (דף ל"ג:). וכבר התבארו משפטי מצוה זו בפ"ד ממנחות. (בפרשת שלח לך, אהבה הלכות ציצית פרק א'):

That is that He commanded us to make tzitzit (fringes). And that is His, may He be exalted, saying, "to make for themselves fringes [...] let them attach to the fringe at each corner" (Numbers 15:38). And [the two colors of strings are] not counted as two commandments, even though the main understanding for us is that the blue-purple does not impede the white and the white does not impede the blue-purple. For it is said in the Sifrei, "It is possible that they are two commandments, the commandment of the white and the commandment of the blue-purple. [Hence] we learn to say (Numbers 15:39), 'That shall be your tzitzit' - it is one commandment and not two commandments." And women are not obligated in it, as is explained in the first [chapter] of Kiddushin (Kiddushin 33b). And the regulations of this commandment were already explained in the fourth chapter of Menachot. (See Parashat Shelach; Mishneh Torah, Fringes 1.)

Hebrew: Sefer HaMitzvot, Warsaw 1883 (public domain). English: Sefaria Edition, trans. Rabbi Francis Nataf, 2021 (CC0). Via Sefaria; translator’s footnotes omitted.

Literary form: a flat, unconditional command

Applicability

How the catalog describes where and when this commandment applies. These are independent descriptions, not a verdict on which laws still count.

  • Recorded as practiced today

Classical halakhic consequences

The consequences the classical halakhah attaches to this commandment, grouped by who imposes them. Where a category has none recorded, that absence is itself meaningful.

Imposed by a court

No court-imposed penalty is recorded.

At the hands of Heaven

No divinely-imposed consequence is recorded.

Ritual remedy

No ritual remedy is recorded.

How the streams of Judaism treat this commandment

The streams of Judaism read the same commandment differently — an ongoing plurality, not a ranking. Each position below is reported as the catalog records it; none is presented as the correct one.

  • Orthodox Binding
  • Conservative Binding
  • Reform Not binding
  • Reconstructionist Not binding
  • Karaite Binding, with modification

24 of 613 commandments have been examined in depth so far — this one is queued.

How later traditions received this commandment

How later traditions read or reworked this commandment, each attributed to its own voice. The catalog’s own classification of each reception is shown as it records it, never adopted as GEBible’s.

Rabbinic aggadah

  • b. Menachot 43b-44a expanded it homiletically
  • Sifre Numbers 115 expanded it homiletically

Josephus

  • Ant. 4.212 affirmed it Josephus paraphrases the command to attach tassels/fringes to garments as a reminder of the laws.

The New Testament

  • Matthew 23:5 The catalog describes this reception as: critiqued Critiques the ostentatious lengthening of fringes (kraspeda), not the practice itself, which is presupposed as legitimate and widespread.
  • Matthew 9:20 affirmed it Woman touches the kraspedon of Jesus' garment, presupposing he wore tzitzit.
  • Luke 8:44 affirmed it Parallel to Matt 9:20; the fringe of Jesus' garment.

Beside the older legal codes of its world

The commandment set beside the ancient Near-Eastern legal collections scholars compare it to — a descriptive comparison, not a claim of dependence.

  • Old Babylonian / Mari legal and administrative texts garment hem (sissiktum) as a marker of personal/legal identity, impressed into clay alongside or in lieu of a seal to authorize documents; in some Mesopotamian contexts hem-related acts carry juridical force in marital and contractual settings Relationship to the parallel: parallel with divergence sissiktum usage (Mari letters; OB practice) ARM (Archives royales de Mari) for sissiktum attestations; cf. CAD s.v. sissiktu for lexical and juridical usage

Where this commandment meets modern human-rights frameworks

One modern normative lens, attributed to it — not GEBible’s assessment. Each row names the framework it measures against and the catalog’s own classification of the relation.

This framework catalogues tensions; it records agreement in only one of its entries. The near-total tension rate is the shape of the instrument, not a finding.

No tension with the catalogued modern frameworks is recorded here.

Source & licence

The commentary, cross-references, reception, and modern-conflict analysis in this section are drawn from a public compilation of the 613 commandments, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The cited biblical text is rendered from GEBible’s own public-domain reading corpus. CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab). GEBible’s presentation of this material is offered under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 terms.