Commandments · Negative commandments

Not to gather the fallen grapes of the vineyard

#319 Negative commandment Leviticus 19:10

The cited verse

The Hebrew (Masoretic Text)

וּפֶרֶט כַּרְמְךָ לֹא תְלַקֵּט לֶעָנִי וְלַגֵּר תַּעֲזֹב אֹתָם

In Maimonides’ words

How Maimonides defines this commandment in his Sefer HaMitzvot — his own words, shown as a primary source.

הזהיר שלא לקבץ הגרעינים שיפלו בכרם בשעת בצירה אבל יעזבם לעניים. והוא אמרו ופרט כרמך לא תלקט וגו', וזה גם כן ניתק לעשה. וכבר התבארו משפטי מצוה זו במסכת פאה. (שם, שם):

He prohibited - not to gather the single grapes that fall in the vineyard at the time of the harvest. Rather one must leave them for the poor. And that is His saying, "neither shall you gather the single grapes of your vineyard, etc." (Leviticus 19:10). And this too is rectified by a positive commandment; and the regulations of this commandment have already been explained in Tractate Peah. (See Parashat Kedoshim; Mishneh Torah, Gifts to the Poor 1.)

Hebrew: Sefer HaMitzvot, Warsaw 1883 (public domain). English: Sefaria Edition, trans. Rabbi Francis Nataf, 2021 (CC0). Via Sefaria; translator’s footnotes omitted.

Literary form: a prohibition

Applicability

How the catalog describes where and when this commandment applies. These are independent descriptions, not a verdict on which laws still count.

  • Recorded as practiced today
  • Binding in the land of Israel

Classical halakhic consequences

The consequences the classical halakhah attaches to this commandment, grouped by who imposes them. Where a category has none recorded, that absence is itself meaningful.

Imposed by a court

  • Lashes (malkot)

At the hands of Heaven

No divinely-imposed consequence is recorded.

Ritual remedy

No ritual remedy is recorded.

How the streams of Judaism treat this commandment

The streams of Judaism read the same commandment differently — an ongoing plurality, not a ranking. Each position below is reported as the catalog records it; none is presented as the correct one.

  • Orthodox Binding
  • Conservative Binding, with modification
  • Reform Kept as an ethical principle
  • Reconstructionist Kept as an ethical principle
  • Karaite Binding

24 of 613 commandments have been examined in depth so far — this one is queued.

How later traditions received this commandment

How later traditions read or reworked this commandment, each attributed to its own voice. The catalog’s own classification of each reception is shown as it records it, never adopted as GEBible’s.

Philo of Alexandria

  • De Specialibus Legibus 4.176-178 affirmed it

Josephus

  • Ant. 4.231-234 affirmed it

The Qur'an and hadith

  • Q 6:141 carried a parallel

Where this commandment meets modern human-rights frameworks

One modern normative lens, attributed to it — not GEBible’s assessment. Each row names the framework it measures against and the catalog’s own classification of the relation.

This framework catalogues tensions; it records agreement in only one of its entries. The near-total tension rate is the shape of the instrument, not a finding.

  • general principle

    This framework classifies the relation as a direct contradiction.

    The commandment prescribes corporal punishment for picking up individual grapes that have fallen from one's own vineyard during harvest — a de minimis act for which no modern legal system would impose any criminal sanction, let alone lashing.

  • Article 7

    This framework classifies the relation as a direct contradiction.

    ICCPR Article 7 prohibits cruel, inhuman, or degrading punishment; judicial flogging for collecting fallen individual grapes satisfies the threshold for inhuman or degrading treatment under international human-rights law.

  • general principle

    This framework classifies the relation as abrogated in practice.

    Rabbinic tradition holds that Sanhedrin corporal jurisdiction lapsed with the destruction of the Second Temple and the loss of ordained judicial authority; the malkot sanction for collecting peret is de jure but has been inoperative for nearly two millennia.

Source & licence

The commentary, cross-references, reception, and modern-conflict analysis in this section are drawn from a public compilation of the 613 commandments, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The cited biblical text is rendered from GEBible’s own public-domain reading corpus. CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab). GEBible’s presentation of this material is offered under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 terms.