Commandments · Positive commandments

The leper shall bring an offering after being declared clean

#70 Positive commandment Leviticus 14:10

The cited verse

The Hebrew (Masoretic Text)

וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי יִקַּח שְׁנֵי כְבָשִׂים תְּמִימִם וְכַבְשָׂה אַחַת בַּת־שְׁנָתָהּ תְּמִימָה וּשְׁלֹשָׁה עֶשְׂרֹנִים סֹלֶת מִנְחָה בְּלוּלָה בַשֶּׁמֶן וְלֹג אֶחָד שָׁמֶן

In Maimonides’ words

How Maimonides defines this commandment in his Sefer HaMitzvot — his own words, shown as a primary source.

היא שצונו שיקריב מצורע קרבן כשנתרפא ממנו והוא שלש בהמות עולה וחטאת ואשם ולוג שמן, ואם היה עני שיקריב כבש לאשם ושתי תורים או שני בני יונה. וזה הרביעי ממחוסרי כפרה והוא אמרו יתעלה וביום השמיני יקח שני כבשים תמימים וכבשה אחת בת שנתה וגו'. ואם יאמר אומר למה לא תמנה קרבן מחוסרי כפרה כולם מצוה אחת אחר שיש להם ענין אחד יכללם והוא מחוסר כפרה ויהיה זה מין מן מיני טהרה והיה ראוי שתאמר מצוה פלונית היא שצונו שלא תשלם טהרת קצת הטמאים והם זב וזבה ויולדת ומצורע עד שיקריבו קרבן, כמו שתמנה טהרה במקוה מצוה אחת נתחייב בה אי זה טמא שיהיה ואינך חושש למין הטומאה שנטמא בה כן היה ראוי לך שתמנה קרבן מחוסרי כפרה מצוה אחת ולא נחוש למין טומאתם, השם יודע שזה היה ראוי בלי ספק אם היה קרבן כל אחד מאלו ארבעה מחוסרי כפרה אחד ולא ישתנה כמו טהרה במי מקוה שהוא מין ממיני הטהרות שחובה על כל טמא. אמנם מצד התחלפות קרבנם כמו שאתה רואה התחייב למנות כל קרבן ביחוד בהכרח, כי הדבר שבו תשלם טהרת האחד זולת הדבר שבו תשלם הדבר האחר, כמו מי נדה ומי מקוה וארבעה מינין שבמצורע שהן שלש מצות ואם היו כלם לטהרת הטמאים כמו שאבאר. ואלו הארבעה מחוסרי כפרה כבר התבארו משפטיהם ומשפטי קרבנותיהם בכלל ופרט בשמיני מנזיר וסוף נגעים במסכת קנים ובמקומות מפוזרים בתלמוד אבל רובם ועיקריהם במקומות שרמזנו עליהם. (זאת תהיה, מחוסרי כפרה פ"ד):

That is that He commanded us that someone with tsaraat offer a sacrifice when he is healed from it. And that is three animals - a burnt-offering, a sin-offering and a guilt-offering - and a log of oil. But if he was poor, he should offer a lamb for a guilt-offering and two turtledoves or two young pigeons. And this is the fourth of those lacking [full] atonement - and that is His, may He be exalted, saying, "On the eighth day he shall take two flawless male lambs, one one-year old ewe lamb, etc." (Leviticus 14:10). And one will perhaps say, "Why don't you count the sacrifice of those lacking [full] atonement as one commandment, since they all have one thing that brings them all together - and that is their lack of atonement, such that this would be a certain type of purification. And it would have been appropriate for you to say, 'It is x commandment that He commanded us that the purity of some impure ones not be complete until they offer a sacrifice - and that is the zav; the zavah; the woman after childbirth; and one with tsaraat.' Just like you count purification in a mikveh as one commandment - whatever the specific impurity might be - and you don't concern yourself with the type of impurity with which they became impure; so too, would it have been appropriate for you to count the sacrifice of those lacking atonement as one commandment, and we would not be concerned about their [specific] impurities!" God knows that this would no doubt have been appropriate if the sacrifice of each one of these four that lack atonement were the same and did not differ; just like purification in the mikveh is a specific type of purification for every impure one. However as a result of the variation of their sacrifices - as you can see - it is perforce required to count each sacrifice individually. For the thing with which one [of them] completes purification is different from the thing with which the other one completes it. This is like waters of purification (mixed with ashes of a red heifer), the waters of a mikveh and the four species for the one with tsaraat are three commandments, even while they are all to purify the impure - as I will explain. And the regulations of these four that lack atonement and the regulations of their sacrifices have already been explained - in general and in detail - in the eighth chapter of Nazir, at the end of Negaim, in Tractate Kinnim and in scattered places in the Talmud. But most of them and their principles are in the places we named. (See Parashat Metzora; Mishneh Torah, Offerings for Those with Incomplete Atonement 4.)

Hebrew: Sefer HaMitzvot, Warsaw 1883 (public domain). English: Sefaria Edition, trans. Rabbi Francis Nataf, 2021 (CC0). Via Sefaria; translator’s footnotes omitted.

Literary form: a ritual instruction

Applicability

How the catalog describes where and when this commandment applies. These are independent descriptions, not a verdict on which laws still count.

  • Requires a standing Temple

Classical halakhic consequences

The consequences the classical halakhah attaches to this commandment, grouped by who imposes them. Where a category has none recorded, that absence is itself meaningful.

Imposed by a court

No court-imposed penalty is recorded.

At the hands of Heaven

No divinely-imposed consequence is recorded.

Ritual remedy

  • A guilt-offering (asham)
  • A sin-offering (ḥatat)
  • A burnt-offering (olah)

How the streams of Judaism treat this commandment

The streams of Judaism read the same commandment differently — an ongoing plurality, not a ranking. Each position below is reported as the catalog records it; none is presented as the correct one.

  • Orthodox Binding, with modification
  • Conservative Not binding
  • Reform Not binding
  • Reconstructionist Not binding
  • Karaite Not binding

24 of 613 commandments have been examined in depth so far — this one is queued.

How later traditions received this commandment

How later traditions read or reworked this commandment, each attributed to its own voice. The catalog’s own classification of each reception is shown as it records it, never adopted as GEBible’s.

Qumran (the Dead Sea Scrolls)

  • 4Q274 (Tohorot A) read it more strictly
  • 11QTemple (11Q19) XLV-XLVIII read it more strictly

Rabbinic aggadah

  • Vayikra Rabbah 16:1-7 expanded it homiletically
  • Vayikra Rabbah 17:3 expanded it homiletically
  • Tanhuma Metzora 1-2 expanded it homiletically

Philo of Alexandria

  • De Specialibus Legibus 1.117-118 (approximate locus) read it allegorically

Josephus

  • Ant. 3.264 rationalized it

The New Testament

  • Matthew 8:2-4 affirmed it Jesus instructs the cleansed leper to show himself to the priest and offer the gift Moses commanded, presupposing the Lev 14 procedure
  • Mark 1:40-44 affirmed it parallel; 'offer for your cleansing what Moses commanded'
  • Luke 17:14 affirmed it ten lepers sent to show themselves to the priests

The Church Fathers

  • Origen, Homiliae in Leviticum 8 read it allegorically
  • Theodoret of Cyrus, Quaestiones in Leviticum, q. on Lev 14 read it spiritually

Beside the older legal codes of its world

The commandment set beside the ancient Near-Eastern legal collections scholars compare it to — a descriptive comparison, not a claim of dependence.

  • hittite ritual texts eliminatory/apotropaic rite — impurity or evil transferred to a living carrier and expelled from the community; comparative parallel for the two-bird release rite (Lev 14:4-7); offered cautiously as analogical, not genetic, dependence Relationship to the parallel: parallel with divergence Ritual of Ashella (CTH 394) Dinçol, Belleten 49 (1985): 1-40; eliminatory-rite analysis in D. P. Wright, The Disposal of Impurity (SBLDS 101, 1987)

Where this commandment meets modern human-rights frameworks

One modern normative lens, attributed to it — not GEBible’s assessment. Each row names the framework it measures against and the catalog’s own classification of the relation.

This framework catalogues tensions; it records agreement in only one of its entries. The near-total tension rate is the shape of the instrument, not a finding.

No tension with the catalogued modern frameworks is recorded here.

Source & licence

The commentary, cross-references, reception, and modern-conflict analysis in this section are drawn from a public compilation of the 613 commandments, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The cited biblical text is rendered from GEBible’s own public-domain reading corpus. CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab). GEBible’s presentation of this material is offered under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 terms.