When the Syrians saw that they were defeated by Israel, they sent messengers, and called out the Syrians who were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the army of Hadadezer leading them.
Parallel Translations
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When the Syrians saw that they were defeated by Israel, they sent messengers, and called out the Syrians who were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the army of Hadadezer leading them.
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And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the river: and Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them.
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And when the Arameans saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and brought out the Arameans that were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head.
Cross-references (5)
Passages linked to 1 Chronicles 19:16 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, ordered by reader-vote popularity; verse text shown in World English Bible.
- 2 Samuel 10:16 Hadadezer sent, and brought out the Syrians who were beyond the River: and they came to Helam, with Shobach the captain of the army of Hadadezer at their head.
- Zechariah 14:1-3 Behold, a day of Yahweh comes, when your plunder will be divided within you. For I will gather all nations against Jerusalem to battle; and the city will be taken, the houses rifled, and the women ravished. Half of the city will go out into captivity, and the rest of the people will not be cut off from the city. Then Yahweh will go out and fight against those nations, as when he fought in the day of battle.
- Psalms 2:1 Why do the nations rage, and the peoples plot a vain thing?
- Isaiah 8:9 Make an uproar, you peoples, and be broken in pieces! Listen, all you from far countries: dress for battle, and be shattered! Dress for battle, and be shattered!
- Micah 4:11-12 Now many nations have assembled against you, that say, “Let her be defiled, and let our eye gloat over Zion.” But they don’t know the thoughts of Yahweh, neither do they understand his counsel; for he has gathered them like the sheaves to the threshing floor.
Cross-references from openbible.info (CC BY 4.0)
Explain this verse (10 sources)
Historical commentary, presented as a primary source — not an endorsement.
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Geneva Bible translators 1599 · Public Domain That is, Euphrates.
That is, Euphrates.
Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain.
Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary 1859 · Public Domain River, in Mesopotamia. Joab did not allow them time…
River, in Mesopotamia. Joab did not allow them time to arrive. --- Sophach, or Sobac. Adarezer sent also to collect these forces, 2 Kings.
George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown 1871 · Public Domain SHOPHACH SLAIN BY DAVID. (Ch1 19:16-19)
SHOPHACH SLAIN BY DAVID. (Ch1 19:16-19)
And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel--(See on Sa2 10:15-19).
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges 1878 · Public Domain 16. the Syrians that were beyond the river] i.e.…
16. the Syrians that were beyond the river] i.e. the Syrians of “Mesopotamia”; cp. 1Ch_19:6, note. 2Sa_10:16 adds, and they came to Helam; the position of Helam however is unknown, but it was probably not far from the Euphrates.
Shophach] In 2Sa_10:16 called “Shobach.” The whole allied army was united under one general.
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16–19. The End of the Aramaean War
Three stages are apparent in the war with Zobah, (a) that in which David secured a position on the Euphrates, 1Ch_18:3-8, (b) the stage during which troops from Zobah acted as auxiliaries to the Ammonites, 1Ch_19:6-15, (c) the final stage which ended la the conclusion of a formal peace, ib. 1Ch_19:16-19.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain (16) They sent messengers.—Samuel, “Hadarezer sent and drew forth”…
(16) They sent messengers.—Samuel, “Hadarezer sent and drew forth” (literally, made to come out: i.e., to war, 1Ch_20:1). The name “Hadarezer” (Hadadezer) is important, as helping us to identify this campaign with that of 1Ch_18:3-8.
Beyond the river.—The Euphrates, called Purât, Purâtu, by the Babylonians and Assyrians, Furât by the Arabs, and Ufrâtus by the ancient Persians. The name is derived from the Accadian Pura-nunu (great river). The Assyrian Purât, Hebrew Pĕrâth, is simply the word Pura with a feminine ending; so that this well-known name means “The River par excellence. (Comp. Gen_15:18; Isa_8:7.)
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The use of this phrase, “beyond the river,” to denote the position of the Eastern Aramæans, shows that the narrative here borrowed by the chronicler was originally written in Palestine. The Syriac and Arabic add here, “and they came to Hîlâm.” (So Samuel; see next verse.)
Shophach.—Samuel, “Shobach.” The letters p and b are much alike in Hebrew. The Syriac has Sh’bûk. Shophach may be compared with the Arabic safaka, “to shed blood” (saffâk, a shedder of blood).
Went before them.—Commanded them. It thus appears that the suzerainty of Hadadezer was recognised by some Aramæan States lying east of the Euphrates.
(16-19) The last effort of the Arameans. They are defeated, and become vassals to David.
A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Pulpit Commentary 1880 · Public Domain Beyond the river; i.e. the river Euphrates. Shophach. In…
Beyond the river; i.e. the river Euphrates. Shophach. In the parallel place spelt Shobach. Of him nothing else is known except his death, as recorded in ver. 18 and in 2Sa_10:18.
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Biblical Illustrator 1887 · Public Domain Now when Joab saw that the battle was set…
1Ch_19:16-18
Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him.
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The war-cry
I. The purpose for which they fought.
II. The method in which they fought.
1. A wise economy of forces.
2. A determination to render mutual help.
III. The spirit in which they fought.
1. Of exalted courage.
2. Of true patriotism.
3. Of submission to God. (J. Wolfendale.)
The Biblical Illustrator, edited by Joseph S. Exell (c. 1880s–1900s) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Paul E. Kretzmann 1924 · Public Domain The Syrians Overthrown
The Syrians Overthrown
v. 16. And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the river, those from Mesopotamia proper, who had not come down for this campaign; and Shophach (or Shobach), the captain of the host of Hadarezer, went before them, as commander-in-chief of the united Syrian forces.
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v. 17. And it was told David; and he gathered all Israel, the entire military forces of his realm, and passed over Jordan, and came upon them, evidently as they were approaching to attack him, and set the battle in array against them. This was at Helam, 2Sa 10:16-17. So when David had put the battle in array against the Syrians, they fought with him.
v. 18. But the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew of the Syrians seven thousand men which fought in chariots, and forty thousand footmen, and killed Shophach, the captain of the host. In combining this account with that of 2Sa 10:18, we have the total list of those destroyed: 7,000 chariots, 7,000 horsemen, and 40,000 footmen.
v. 19. And when the servants of Hadarezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, that they were utterly defeated, having no chance to stand up before David’s men, they made peace with David and became his servants, tributary vassals once more; neither would the Syrians help the children of Ammon any more, Thus the Lord crowns the labor of His believers with success, He lets their battles result in victory, all for the honor of His name, even if the spiritual victories are not always apparent to human eyes.
Paul E. Kretzmann, Popular Commentary of the Bible (1921–1924) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
unfoldingWord translationNotes 2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0 General Information:
General Information:
Verses 16-19 describes a second battle when the Arameans who fled from Joab in 1 Chronicles 19:15 were reinforced by other Arameans and attacked Israel again.
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the Arameans saw
What the Arameans understood is spoken of as what they saw. AT: "the Arameans understood" (See: Metonymy)
sent for reinforcements
"requested more soliders"
Shophak ... Hadadezer
These are the names of men. (See: How to Translate Names)
When David was told this
This can be stated in active form. AT: When David's messengers told him that a larger Aramean army was coming" (See: Active or Passive)
he gathered ... He arranged
David did not do these things alone. His official and officers helped him. AT: "David and his officials gathered ... David and his officers arranged" (See: Synecdoche)
all Israel
This is a generalization. Not every person in Israel came to fight. AT: "a very large number of Israelites" (See: Hyperbole and Generalization)
He arranged
"He organized"
they fought him
Here "him" refers to David's soldiers, in addition to David. AT: "the Arameans fought David and his soldiers" (See: Synecdoche)
translationWords
Euphrates River
commander
Jordan River
unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.
Tyndale Open Study Notes 2022 · CC BY-SA 4.0 19:16-19 In the battle against the Arameans, David accomplished…
19:16-19 In the battle against the Arameans, David accomplished three objectives: He challenged Hadadezer’s supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between the Arameans and the Ammonites.
Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.