Now after the death of Jehoiada, the princes of Judah came, and bowed down to the king. Then the king listened to them. They abandoned the house of Yahweh, the God of their fathers, and served the Asherah poles and the idols, so wrath came on Judah and Jerusalem for this their guiltiness. Yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them again to Yahweh, and they testified against them; but they would not listen.
The Spirit of God came on Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest; and he stood above the people, and said to them, “God says, ‘Why do you disobey Yahweh’s commandments, so that you can’t prosper? Because you have forsaken Yahweh, he has also forsaken you.’ ”
They conspired against him, and stoned him with stones at the commandment of the king in the court of Yahweh’s house. Thus Joash the king didn’t remember the kindness which Jehoiada his father had done to him, but killed his son. When he died, he said, “May Yahweh look at it, and repay it.”
Geneva Bible translators 1599 · Public Domain On vv17, 19, 20, 21, 22 Which were flatterers, and knew now that the king…
Which were flatterers, and knew now that the king was destitute of him who did watch over him as a father, and therefore brought him to most vile idolatry.
Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain.
John Trapp 1656 · Public Domain On vv17–22 2Ch 24:17 Now after the death of Jehoiada came…
2Ch 24:17 Now after the death of Jehoiada came the princes of Judah, and made obeisance to the king. Then the king hearkened unto them.
Ver. 17. Came the princes of Judah, and made obeisance to the king.] Rabbi Solomon saith that they persuaded him that he was more than a man, and gave him divine honours: but this is not likely. In most fawning and flattering manner did these court parasites present themselves before him, suavia potius quam sana consilia atque remedia illi propinantes, persuading him that during the days of Jehoiada he had been a king without a kingdom, a lord without a dominion, a subject to his subjects, &c.: that he should do well to take knowledge of his great power, and to show it by granting to every man a liberty to worship God as he list, and where he best liketh, not tied to the temple, but doing his devotions in other places besides, as high places, groves, &c.
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And the king hearkened unto them.] As fair words make fools fain, and princes’ minds are easily altered for the worse, quando non deligunt quos diligant, sed consiliarios adhibent parasitos, sputa illorum instar canum lingentes, &c., when they give ear to flatterers.
John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Matthew Poole 1685 · Public Domain On vv17, 18, 20, 21, 22 Made obeisance to the king; in that posture presenting…
Made obeisance to the king; in that posture presenting their requests to him, that they might not be confined to unnecessary and troublesome journeys in coming to Jerusalem to worship, but might have the liberty which their forefathers enjoyed of worshipping God in the high places; which liberty, when once they had obtained, they knew they could then worship idols without observation or disturbance, which was the thing at which they aimed. And for the prevention of such abuses, God obliged all to worship him in one place.
Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
John Gill 1763 · Public Domain On vv17–22 Yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them…
Yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them again unto the Lord,.... To reprove them for their sin, to warn them of their danger, to exhort them to their duty, and endeavour to restore them, and reduce them to the obedience and worship, of God; such was his clemency, goodness, and condescension to them, before he executed his wrath upon them:
and they testified against them; against their sins, and declared what would befall them, and called heaven and earth to witness for God and against them:
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but they would not give ear: to their reproofs, admonitions, cautions, and exhortations, but went on in their own ways.
John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
John Wesley 1765 · Public Domain On vv17, 18, 20, 21, 22 Made obeisance - In that posture presenting their requests…
Made obeisance - In that posture presenting their requests to him, that they might not be confined to troublesome journeys to Jerusalem, but might have the liberty, which their fore-fathers enjoyed, os worshipping God in the high-places. This liberty once obtained, they knew they could worship idols without disturbance: which was the thing at which they aimed. And for the prevention of such abuses, God obliged all to worship him in one place.
John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.
Adam Clarke 1810 · Public Domain On vv17, 20, 21, 22 Verse 17. The princes of Judah - made obeisance…
Verse 17. The princes of Judah - made obeisance to the king] I believe the Targum has given the true sense of this verse: "After the death of Jehoiada, the great men of Judah came and adored King Joash, and seduced him; and then the king received from them their idols."
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Joseph Benson 1811 · Public Domain On vv18–22 2Ch 24:18. And they left the house of the…
2Ch 24:18. And they left the house of the Lord God — The king and princes, who a while ago so zealously repaired the temple, now forsook the temple! So inconstant a thing is man! So little confidence is to be put in him! It is probable that these great men at first only worshipped in the groves and on the high places themselves; yet they had their emissaries, who persuaded the people to join with them. So that the house of God was soon deserted by them, and they proceeded to worship idols. And wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem — They were soon punished by the hand of Hazael, king of Syria.
Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Albert Barnes 1834 · Public Domain On vv17, 20, 21, 22 The nobles had taken part in the revolution which…
The nobles had taken part in the revolution which placed Joash on the throne 2Ch 23:2, 2Ch 23:13, 2Ch 23:20, but probably on political rather than on religious grounds. They might dislike the rule of a woman and a foreigner without participating in the zeal of Jehoiada for purity of religion. They now petitioned for a toleration of idolatry, not for a return to the condition of things which prevailed under Athaliah. No doubt they carried a considerable party with them; but the temple-worship continued, as appears from the history of Zechariah 2Ch 24:20. Nor is the king taxed personally with idolatry.
Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary 1859 · Public Domain On vv17, 18, 19, 20, 22 Worshipped. Heb. "bowed down to the king, and he…
Worshipped. Heb. "bowed down to the king, and he hearkened to them." H. --- The Jews say that the princes flattered him with the title of god, as he had been educated in the temple. Estius --- But this is improbable. C. --- They petitioned for leave to re-establish the worship of Baal, (M.) and paid greater honours to the king than were becoming. D.
George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown 1871 · Public Domain On vv17, 18, 19, 20, 22 JOASH FALLS INTO IDOLATRY. (Ch2 24:17-22)
JOASH FALLS INTO IDOLATRY. (Ch2 24:17-22)
Now came the princes of Judah, and make obeisance to the king--Hitherto, while Joash occupied the throne, his uncle had held the reins of sovereign power, and by his excellent counsels had directed the young king to such measures as were calculated to promote both the civil and religious interests of the country. The fervent piety, practical wisdom, and inflexible firmness of that sage counsellor exerted immense influence over all classes. But now that the helm of the state-ship was no longer steered by the sound head and firm hand of the venerable high priest, the real merits of Joash's administration appear; and for want of good and enlightened principle, as well as, perhaps, of natural energy of character, he allowed himself to be borne onward in a course which soon wrecked the vessel upon hidden rocks.
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the king hearkened unto them, &c.--They were secretly attached to idolatry, and their elevated rank affords sad proof how extensively and deeply the nation had become corrupted during the reigns of Jehoram, Ahaziah, and Athaliah. With strong professions of allegiance they humbly requested that they might not be subjected to the continued necessity of frequent and expensive journeys to Jerusalem, but allowed the privilege their fathers had enjoyed of worshipping God in high places at home. They framed their petition in this plausible and least offensive manner, well knowing that, if excused attendance at the temple, they might--without risk of discovery or disturbance--indulge their tastes in the observance of any private rites they pleased. The weak-minded king granted their petition; and the consequence was, that when they left the house of the Lord God of their fathers, they soon "served groves and idols."
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
Daniel D. Whedon 1874 · Public Domain On vv17, 18, 20 17. The princes of Judah — Whether these were…
17. The princes of Judah — Whether these were the same who assisted in the overthrow of Athaliah, or a younger class of men, we have no means of knowing. Probably, however, they were the sons of those who helped Joash to the throne, and had grown tired of Jehoiada’s rigid observance of the law, and wished for a change.
Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges 1878 · Public Domain On vv17, 18, 19, 20, 22 17. made obeisance] Obeisance foreshadowed a request; cp. 1Ki_1:16.
17. made obeisance] Obeisance foreshadowed a request; cp. 1Ki_1:16.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain On vv17–22 (17) Came the princes . . . and made…
(17) Came the princes . . . and made obeisance to the king.—As asking a boon. What their petition was is evident from the context (2Ch_24:18). They sought the royal sanction of the idolatrous forms of worship, after which they hankered.
Then the king hearkened unto them.—Comp. the influence of the young nobles with Rehoboam, 2Ch_10:8.
A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Pulpit Commentary 1880 · Public Domain On vv17–22 The princes. These turned aside from the better part…
The princes. These turned aside from the better part they had performed. (2Ch_23:13, 2Ch_23:20) Made obeisance; Hebrew, Wwj. This is the word that is used of the sheaves of the brethren of Joseph bowing down, according to his dream, to his sheaf; it is also the repeatedly used word of the worship paid to Jehovah the true God, and to idols and false gods. The word occurs nearly two hundred times. The obeisance of these princes, therefore, on this occasion lacked nothing of the most pronounced character, and the worst species of flattery gained its disastrous ends. Joash must have been now about thirty-six years of age; he was seven years old when he began to reign, he had reigned twenty-three years before the restoring of the temple, (2Ki_12:6) and a few years had elapsed since. The words of the princes, to which Joash hearkened, are not supplied by the parallel, which indeed at once proceeds to speak of the threatening attitude of the Syrian king Hazael, and of how Joash bought him off. Our next verse, however, shows to what end those words tended.
Vers. 17-25.
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Sad successive stages.
With the seventeenth verse of this chapter there commences a very painful record. From one who had been so mercifully spared, so admirably trained, so bountifully blessed, as was King Joash, much better things might have been expected. It is the melancholy story of rapid degeneracy, and a miserable and dishonourable end.
I DEPARTURE FROM THE LIVING GOD. Not being "rooted and grounded" in reverence and in attachment to Jehovah, as soon as the directing and sustaining hand of Jehoiada was missed, Joash gave heed to the evil counsel of the reactionary "princes of Judah" and "left the house of the Lord." The young may be habituated to sacred services, and they may be brought up in the practice of good behaviour, but if they have not fully and firmly attached themselves to the Divine Lord whose praises they have been singing and whose will they have been respecting, their piety will not endure. "Being let go," being released, as they must be in time, from the human restraints that hold them to the right course, they follow the bent of worldly inclination; it may be that they yield to the solicitation of unholy passion; but they decline from the path of Christian worship and godly service. It is a melancholy sight for the angels of God, and for all earnest human souls, to witness that of a man who knows what is best, who has stood face to face with Christ, who has often worshipped in his house, and perhaps sat at his table, declining to lower paths, "going after Baal," letting another power than that of his gracious Lord rule his heart and occupy his life.
II RESENTMENT AT THE DIVINE REBUKE. The true and honoured servant of the Lord, Jehoiada, was well succeeded by a faithful son, Zechariah. He did his work right nobly, and testified against the apostasy of the king and court. But the monarch, in the haughtiness of his heart, resented the rebuke of the Lord"s prophet, and only aggravated his offence by persecution and even murder (vers. 20, 21). Thus sin slopes down, and at some points with sad and startling rapidity. When God"s rebuke is heard, coming through the voice of one of his ministers, or coming in his Divine providence; and when that rebuke, instead of being heeded and obeyed, is resented by the rebellious spirit, then there ensues a very rapid spiritual decline. Men go "from bad to worse," from indifference or forgetfulness to hostility, from doubt to disbelief, from laxity to licentiousness, from wrongness of attitude to iniquity in action. To resent the rebuke of the Lord is to inflict upon ourselves the most serious, and too often a mortal, injury.
III THE PENALTY OF DISOBEDIENCE. In the case of Joash, it was:
1. Humiliating defeat in battle (vers. 23, 24).
2. Bodily sufferings (ver. 25).
3. A violent and miserable death (ver. 25).
4. Dishonour after death (ver. 25).
In the case of the spiritual transgressor now, the penalty that has to be feared is:
1. Grave and grievous spiritual decline.
2. The serious displeasure of the Divine Master.
3. The loss of the esteem of the truest and best human friends.
4. Condemnation in the day of judgment. C.
HOMILIES BY T. WHITELAW Vers. 1-3. The early years of Joash.
I HIS PARENTAGE.
1. His father. Jehoabaz, Ahaziah, or Azariah (2Ch_21:17; 2Ch_22:1, 2Ch_22:6) Jehoram"s youngest son, who ascended the throne on his father"s death, reigned one year, was slain by Jehu, (2Ch_22:9) and buried in Jerusalem with his fathers in the city of David, because, though himself bad, he was a good man"s son. (2Ch_22:9)
2. His mother. Zibiah of Beersheba, concerning whom nothing is known. Perhaps beautiful, as her name "Gazelle" may suggest; considering who her husband was, it will not be safe to say she was good, though the place she came from once had an aroma of piety about it. (Gen_21:33)
II HIS REIGN.
1. Early begun. When seven years old. Such early promotion would not have been safe for the kingdom (Ecc_10:16) or good for himself had Jehoiada not been beside him as counsellor of his inexperience, and, in fact, as virtual ruler.
2. Long continued. Forty years. Shorter by fifteen than that of Manasseh, (2Ch_33:1) his occupation of the throne was only one year shorter than that of Ass, (2Ch_16:13) and as long as that of Solomon. (2Ch_9:30)
III HIS CHARACTER.
1. Promising. "He did that which was right in the sight of the Lord." But:
2. Imperfect. "The high places were not taken away; the people still sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places". (2Ki_12:3) And:
3. Unstable. He behaved well only so long as Jehoiada lived to counsel, and perhaps restrain him.
IV HIS MARRIAGES. "Jehoiada took for him two wives," one of whom was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem. (2Ch_25:1) Perhaps:
1. Good policy, to ensure a succession to the throne. But:
2. Bad morality, and against the Law of God, though recommended by a pious priest, and sanctioned by the example of godly kings. Joash"s subsequent declension may have been in part due to this.
Learn:
1. That early greatness is not always accompanied by early goodness.
2. That many begin to run well in youth who nevertheless decline in after-years.
3. That religious education is not sufficient in itself to overcome the force of inbred corruption.
4. That permanence is an indispensable quality in all moral and spiritualexcellence.
5. That all the opinions of a good man are not necessarily good.
6. That good men sometimes occasion sin in others. W.
Vers. 17-22.
The downward career of a king.
I JOASH"S TEMPTATION. (Ver. 17.)
1. When it came. "After Jehoiada"s death,", when the weakling king, having lost his counsellor, was left to the guidance of his own vain heart and foolish understanding. Temptations mostly assail men in their moments of weakness. Eve was probably assaulted in the absence of Adam; (Gen_3:1) David, certainly, in the absence of Nathan; (2Sa_11:2) Job, when enfeebled through affliction; (Job_2:9) Peter, when deprived of strength through over-confidence. (Joh_13:27) The devil is too wary a warrior to besiege a heart when at its strongest.
2. How it looked.
(1) Extremely pleasing; flattering to his vanity and satisfying to his pride. "The princes of Judah came, and made obeisance to him.
(2) Perfectly harmless. What they asked may be assumed to have been liberty to worship the Asherim and the idols (ver. 18); not that the king should do so, though secretly they may have hoped he would, but merely that toleration should be granted to them. Tempters seldom show all their hands at once; if they did, their temptations would fail. (Pro_1:17) To the tempted also evil courses commonly appear safe when first embarked upon; though afterwards their tree characters are discovered, when too late.
3. How it fared. It prospered. Joash, poor fool! swallowed the bait. "He hearkened unto them," because either he wanted courage to refuse, or desired, in return for their flattery, to please them. (Dan_11:32)
II JUDAH"S DECLENSION. (Ver. 18.)
1. The princes. These "left the house of the Lord God of their fathers," i.e. abandoned the worship of Jehovah, of which the temple was the centre, and embraced the abominable superstitions of the northern kingdom and of the preceding reigns in Judah. On the worship of the Asherim and idols, see. (2Ch_14:3) (homily)
1. The people. The language of the Chronicler (ver. 18), as well as of Zechariah (ver. 20), implies that Judah and Jerusalem, in their people as well as princes, had transgressed; and, indeed, it is hardly likely that the
2. princes would have ventured upon this step had they not been able to count upon the sympathy, if not the direct support, of the community.
3. The king. Though "not stated that Joash himself worshipped idols" (Bertheau), and though, perhaps, at first he did not, it is too apparent, from the moral deterioration he suffered, as well as from the judgment he endured, that his offence was more than "not strictly maintaining the worship of Jehovah" (Bertheau).
III JEHOVAH"S CORRECTION. (Ver. 19.)
1. Its instruments. The prophets; in particular, Zechariah the son perhaps grandson (Eadie, Ebrard, Lange, Morison) of Jehoiada (ver. 20), called also Barachias. (Mat_23:35) The prophets, of whom many have appeared in this book Nathan, (2Ch_9:29) Ahijah, (2Ch_10:15) Azariah, (2Ch_15:1) Hanani, (2Ch_16:7) Micaiah, (2Ch_18:8) Jehu, (2Ch_19:2) Jahaziel, (2Ch_20:14) Elijah (2Ch_21:12) were the recognized medium of communication between God and the people. The prophets at this time sent to testify for Jehovah against the people are not named, with one exception; which may suggest that one may be an honoured, true, and faithful servant of God in Church or state, and may render important services to both without having his name chronicled on the registers of time.
2. its tenor. A testimony against the nation, in terms similar to those of Zechariah. Their idol-worship was:
(1) A direct transgression of Jehovah"s commandments (Exo_20:3-5, 23 23:13; Lev_26:1, Lev_26:30; Deu_4:15-19 Deu_27:15)
(2) An express violation of the covenant into which they had entered with Jehovah. (2Ch_23:16)
(3) A fatal obstacle to their prosperity, whether national or individual (Num_14:41; Deu_28:29; Psa_1:3, Psa_1:4, Psa_16:4; Jon_2:8)
(4) A sure sign of their abandonment by God (2Ch_12:5 2Ch_15:2; Deu_31:16, Deu_31:17; Jos_24:20; 1Ch_28:9)
3. Its reception. "They would not give ear." Unwilling to obey, they would not listen. The truth was unpalatable, and hence they rejected it. They loved the darkness rather than the light, because their deeds were evil (Joh_3:19) they hated the truth, because it condemned them (Psa_50:17; Amo_5:10)
IV ZECHARIAH"S ASSASSINATION. (Ver. 20.) A deed of:
1. Atrocious inhumanity. Murdered by his countrymen, the princes of Judah, in some sort his near kinsmen, considering that he himself was a collateral descendant of the royal line, his mother having been Ahaziah"s sister. (2Ch_22:11)
2. Revolting cruelty. Stoned with stones. Lapidation, a peculiarly Jewish form of punishment, is described in the Mishna. "The condemned, if a man, was led naked to the place of torture, but a woman was allowed to retain her clothes. The offender was always taken out of the city All that was necessary was that the place should be in a valley, or foss, with steep banks, from the top of which one of the witnesses threw the accused down. If he fails on his back and is killed, well and good; if not, another witness throws a stone on his chest. The first stones were cast at the head, so as to hasten death and shorten the sufferings of the victim. There were no regular executioners. In the time of the kings, the sovereigns appointed men to carry out the sentence" (Stapfer, "Palestine in the Time of Christ," pp. 112, 113; cf. Keil"s "Archaologie," This terrible mode of executing capital punishment the Law reserved for aggravated offences (Lev_20:2, 27 24:14; Num_15:35) in particular for practising and enticing to idolatry. (Deu_13:10 Deu_18:5) Victims of stoning were, in Old Testament times, Achan, (Jos_7:25) Naboth, (1Ki_21:13) Hadoram, (2Ch_10:18) Zechariah; in New Testament times, Stephen, (Act_7:58) Paul, (Act_14:19) and (perhaps) Antipas. (Rev_2:13)
3. Gross profanity. Murdered in the court of Jehovah"s house, "between the sanctuary and the altar", (Mat_23:35) always regarded as an aggravation of the original crime, (Lam_2:10) and a special form of defilement. (Eze_9:7) Jehoiada would not shed there the blood of Joash"s grandmother; (2Ch_23:14) Joash did not hesitate to spill there the blood of Jehoiada"s son.
4. Horrible impiety. Murdered, although a prophet of Jehovah; (1Ki_19:10) murdered, because he told them the truth; (cf. Joh_8:40) murdered by men themselves guilty of death and deserving to be stoned (see above); murdered in Jehovah"s house and before his altar, in defiance of his Law and contempt for his religion.
5. Monstrous ingratitude. Murdered "at the king"s commandment;" done to death by a man to whom his father (or grandfather) had given life, education, a crown, a kingdom, a reformed religion, a settled country. (2Ch_22:11-12; 2Ch_23:1-21) The vocabulary of vituperation has been exhausted to set forth the wickedness, odiousness, and loathsomeness of this vice. It has been likened to "a sharp-toothed vulture," "a marble-hearted fiend, more hideous than the sea-monster;" it has been spoken of as "the most detestable act" a person can commit, a vice more abominable "than lying, vainness, babbling, drunkenness;" a monster whose tooth is keener than the winter wind. Nor is it too much to say that, amongst this hideous crew of God-forsaken wretches, Joash stands pre-eminent. A creature as mean anti despicable the earth surely is seldom called on to support and nourish.
6. Unavoidable avengement. Zechariah himself, feeling this, ere his eyes closed and his lips became silent in death, uttered a prayer or invocation, "The Lord look upon it, and require it," in reality a prediction which soon became a history. Contrast the prayer of Stephen for his murderers. (Act_7:60) Zechariah the murdered prophet, and Stephen the martyred deacon, each embodied and illustrated the spirit of the dispensation under which he lived; that under which Zechariah lived, a dispensation
(1) of law and penalty,
(2) of wrath and condemnation;
that under which Stephen flourished, a dispensation
(1) of grace and mercy, and
(2) of forgiveness and justification. (2Co_3:7-11)
LESSONS.
1. The danger of listening to flattery; it makes men, even kings, foolish.
2. The duty of resisting the first approaches of temptation. Obsta principiis.
3. The downward course of sin Facilis descensus Averno (Virgil, "AEneid," 6:126).
4. The folly of forsaking God; it can only end in being forsaken by God.
5. The courage needed to be a true servant of God in any age. He whowould speak for God will often require to speak against man.
6. The surest evidence of original and innate depravity is the fact that mendo not naturally care for, but rather dislike, and are averse to, God"s Word.
7. The certainty that they who will live godly must suffer persecution.God"s witnesses are often slain. (Rev_11:7)
8. The baseness of ingratitude towards God; inferred from that ofingratitude towards man.
9. The contrast between the Law and the gospel; illustrated by Zechariah"s imprecation and Stephen"s invocation. 10. The certainty of Divine retribution: God will avenge his saints. W. (Luk_18:7, Luk_18:8)
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Biblical Illustrator 1887 · Public Domain On vv19, 22 Yet He sent prophets to them, to bring them…
2Ch_24:19-21
Yet He sent prophets to them, to bring them again unto the Lord.
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Judahs apostasy
I. Prophetic denunciation of apostasy resented.
II. Zechariahs death was parallel with that of St. Stephen.
1. His offence was the denunciation of the sin of the leaders of Judah (Act_7:51-53).
2. Stoned as a blasphemer.
III. Contrast in the spirit of Judaism and Christianity--
1. Zechariahs last words: The Lord look on it and requite it.
2. Stephens: Lord lay not this sin to their charge.
IV. Reflections.
1. The value of a wise and true friend. Jehoiadas influence on Joash.
2. The necessity of a moral reformation as well as a political to secure permanent results in religious changes. The reformation under Joash was merely outward conformity.
V. The certainty that a faithful ministry implies the unpopularity of those who exercise it.
1. All the prophets suffered under Judaism (Mat_23:35; Luk_11:51).
2. Christ, Stephen, the apostles, the early Christians. Reformers all through history.
3. Human nature always the same. It hates those who attack its sins.
VI. The spirit that resents faithful reproof always entails retribution on itself (verse 23). To do wrong and refuse instruction is the greatest misfortune a man can suffer.
VII. The necessity to do right for dutys sake, without expecting gratitude or acknowledgment. (J. C. Geikie, D.D.)
The goodness of King Joash
1. In ten years from the death of Jehoiada, Joash was so utterly another man that you cannot recognise in him one feature of that godly disposition which distinguished his earlier years. He is a sad illustration of the deceitfulness of the human heart; of the weakness of the natural man; and of the perishing nature of that impulsive goodness which rests solely for its permanence upon the constraining influences of others.
2. Joash still represents a large class--persons of warm and susceptible feelings, acting habitually under impulse, of a temper of mind volatile, or pliable, or keenly sensitive, upon which impressions are easily made and as easily effaced.
3. Speaking as I am in a university city, I am reminded that I can point to no spot more suggestive than this of the evanescent quality of that light of the soul which is simply reflected, of that transient goodness which walks by sight and not by faith. How many young men have gathered here, filled with noble emulation, and strong in their own resolution to fulfil the purpose of their coming! And what has followed? First the whisper of the arch-tempter, You are free; eat, drink, and be merry. Then the sceptic, asking contemptuously, What is truth? The controversial humourist, commending his ingenious sophistries with insidious drollery. The listless idler, intruding his unwelcome presence upon the conventional hours of study. The voluptuary, putting his bottle to his companions, and filling them with shame for glory. The sinner in the city, whose house is in the way to hell. The tradesman with his offer of unlimited credit. The sordid moneylender, weaving his web of usury. These, and such as these, have made their obeisance, like the princes of Judah; and behold, Jehoiada is gone, and Joash has hearkened to them! He has left the God of his fathers. He cannot prosper, because God has forsaken him.
4. Oh, if I am to send my son to fight the good fight of faith, to wrestle against the powers of darkness, let me stablish him with this fact as the counterpoise and antidote to the delusions of the world--that he is now a responsible being. (Henry Drury, M.A.)
The Biblical Illustrator, edited by Joseph S. Exell (c. 1880s–1900s) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Alexander MacLaren 1905 · Public Domain On v17 2 Chronicles
2 Chronicles
JOASH
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2Ch 24:2, 2Ch 24:7.
Here we have the tragedy of a soul. Joash begins life well and for the greater part of it remains faithful to his conscience and to his duty, and then, when outward circumstances change, he casts all behind him, forgets the past and commits moral suicide. It is the sad old story, a bright commencement, an early promise all scattered to the winds. It is a strange story, too. This seven-year-old king had been saved when his father had been killed, and that true daughter of Jezebel, as well by nature as by blood, Athaliah, had murdered all his brothers and sisters, and made herself queen. He had been saved by the courage of a woman who might worthily stand by the side of Deborah and other Jewish heroines. By this woman, who was his aunt, he was hidden and brought up in the Temple until, whilst yet a mere boy, he came to the throne, the High Priest Jehoiada, the husband of his aunt, being his guardian during his nonage. He reigns well till the lad of seven becomes a mature man of thirty or thereabouts, and then Jehoiada dies, full of years and honours, and they fitly lay him among the kings of Judah, a worthy resting-place for one who had ‘done good in Israel.’ And now the weakling on the throne is left alone without the strong arm to guide him and keep him right, and we read that ‘the princes of Judah came and made obeisance to him.’ They take him on his weak side, and I dare say Jehoiada had been too true and too noble to do that, and though we are not told what means they took to flatter and coax him, we see very plainly what they were conspiring to do, for we read that ‘they left the house of the Lord their God, the God of their fathers, and served groves and idols,’ the groves here mentioned being symbols of Ashtaroth the goddess of the Sidonians. And so all the past is wiped out and Joash takes his place amongst the apostates. The story has solemn lessons.
I. Note the change from loyal adhesion to apostasy.
The strong man on whom Joash used to lean was away, and the poor, weak king went just where the wicked princes led him. It was probably out of sheer imbecility that he passed from the worship of God to the acknowledgment and service of idols.
The first point that I would insist upon is a well-worn and familiar one, as I am well aware, but I urge it upon you, and especially upon the younger portion of my audience. It is this, that there is no telling the amount of mischief that pure weakness of character may lead into. The worst men we come across in the Bible are not those who begin with a deliberate intention of doing evil. They are weak creatures, ‘reeds shaken by the wind,’ who have no power of resisting the force of circumstances. It is a truth which every one’s experience confirms, that the mother of all possible badness is weakness, and that, not only as Milton’s Satan puts it, ‘To be weak is to be miserable,’ but that weakness is wickedness sooner or later. The man who does not bar the doors and windows of his senses and his soul against temptation, is sure to make shipwreck of his life and in the end to become ‘a fool.’ There is so much wickedness lying round us in this world that any man who lets himself be shaped and coloured by that with which he comes in contact, is sure to go to the bad in the long run. Where a man lays himself open to the accidents of time and circumstances, the majority of these influences will be contrary to what is right and good. Therefore, he must gather himself together and learn to say ‘No!’ There is no foretelling the profound abysses into which a ‘good, easy’ nature, with plenty of high and pure impulses, perhaps, but which are written in water, may fall. ‘Thou, therefore, young man! be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus.’ Learn to say No! or else you will be sure to say Yes! in the wrong place, and then down you will go, like this Joash whose goodness depended on Jehoiada, and when he died, all the virtue that had characterised this life hitherto was laid with him in the dust.
Let us learn from this story in the next place, how little power of continuance there is in a merely traditional religion. Many of you call yourselves Christian people mainly because other people do the same. It is customary to respect and regard Christianity. You have been brought up in the midst of it. Our country is always considered a Christian land, and so, naturally, you tacitly accept the truth of a religion which is so influential. The lowest phase of this attitude is that which seeks some advantage from a church connection, like the foolish man in the Old Testament who thought he would do well because he had a Levite for his priest. Religion is the most personal thing about a man. To become a Christian is the most personal act one can perform. It is a thing that a man has to do for himself, and however friends and guides may help us in other matters, in trials and perplexities and difficulties, by their sympathy and experience, they are useless here. A man has here to act as if there were no other beings in the universe but a solitary God and himself, and unless we have ourselves done that act in the depths of our own personality, we have not done it at all. If you young people are good, just because you have pious parents who make you go to church or chapel on a Sunday, and keep you out of mischief during the week, your goodness is a sham. One great result of personal Christianity is to make a minister, a teacher, a guide, superfluous, and when such an one becomes so, his work has been successful and not till then. Unless you put forth for yourself the hand of faith and for yourself yield up the devotion and love of your own heart, your religion is nought.
However much active effort about the outside of religion there may be, it is of itself useless. It is without bottom and without reality. Here we have Joash busy with the externals of worship and actually deceiving himself thereby. It was a great deal easier to make that chest for contributions to a Temple Repairing Fund, and to get it well filled, and to patch up the house of the Lord, than for him to get down on his knees and pray, and he may have thought that to be busy about the house of God was to be devout. So it may be with many Sunday-school teachers and Church workers. Their religion may be as merely superficial and as little personal as this man’s was. It is not for me to say so about A, B, or C. It is for you to ask of yourselves if it is so as to you. But I do say that there is nothing that masks his own soul from a man more than setting him to do something for Christianity and God’s Church, while in his inmost self he has not yet yielded himself to God.
I look around and I see the devil slaying his thousands by setting them to work in Christian associations and leaving them no time to think about their own Christianity. My brother! if the cap fits, go home and put it on.
We see in Joash’s life for how long a time a man may go on in this self-delusion of external and barren service and never know it. Joash came to the throne at the age of seven. Up till that age he had lived in the Temple in concealment. Until he was one and thirty he went on in a steady, upright course, never knowing that there was anything hollow in his life. Apparently, Jehoiada’s long life of one hundred and thirty years extended over the greater part of Joash’s reign, during most of which he had Jehoiada to direct him and keep him right, and all this tragedy comes at the tag end of it.
So he went on apparently all right, like a tree that has become quite hollow, till during some storm it is blown down and falls with a crash, and it is seen that for years it has been only the skin of a tree, bark outside, and inside-emptiness.
II. We come now to the second stage in the later life of Joash: His resistance to the divine pleading.
‘And they left the house of the Lord God of their fathers, and served groves and idols, and wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for their trespass, yet He sent prophets to them to bring them again unto the Lord.’ He sent with endless pity, with long-suffering patience. He would not be put away, and as they increased the distance between Him and them, He increased His energies to bring them back. But they lifted themselves up, Joash and his princes, and with that strange, awful power of resisting the attraction of the divine pleading, and hardening their hearts against the divine patience-’they would not.’ And then comes the affecting episode of the death of the high priest Zechariah, who had succeeded to his father’s place and likewise to his heroism, and who, with the Spirit of God upon him, stands up and pointing out his wickedness, rebukes the fallen monarch for his apostasy. Joash, doubtless stung to the quick by Zechariah’s just reproaches, allowed the truculent princes to slay him in the court of the Temple, even between the very shrine and the altar.
What a picture we have here of the divine love which follows every wanderer with its pleadings and beseechings! It came to this man through the lips of a prophet. It comes to us all in daily blessings, sometimes in messages, like these poor words of mine. God will not let us ruin ourselves without pleading with us and wooing us to love Him and cling to Him. ‘He rises up early’ and daily sends us His messages, sometimes rebukes and voices in our conscience, sometimes sunset glows and starry heavens lifting our thoughts above this low earth, sometimes sorrows that are meant to ‘drive us to His breast,’ and above all, the ‘Gospel of our salvation’ in Christ, ever, in such a land as ours, sounding in our ears.
Still further, we see in Joash what a strange, awful strength of obstinate resistance, a character weak as regards its resistance to man, can put forth against God. He never attempted to say ‘No!’ to the princes of Judah, but he could say it again and again to his Father in heaven. He could not but yield to the temptations which were level with his eyes, and this poor creature, easily swayed by human allurements and influences, could gather himself together, standing, as it were, on his little pin point, and say to God, ‘Thou dost call and I refuse.’ What a paradox, and yet repetitions of it are sitting in these pews, only half aware that it is about them that I am speaking!
The ever-deepening evil which began with forsaking the house of the Lord and serving Ashtaroth, ends with Joash steeping his hands in blood. The murder of Zechariah was beyond the common count of crimes, for it was a foul desecration of the Temple, an act of the blackest ingratitude to the man who had saved his infant life, and put him on the throne, an outrage on the claims of family connections, for Joash and Zechariah were probably blood relations. My brother! once get your foot upon that steep incline of evil, once forsake the path of what is good and right and true, and you are very much like a climber who misses his footing up among the mountain peaks, and down he slides till he reaches the edge of the precipice and then in an instant is dashed to pieces at the bottom. Once put your foot on that slippery slope and you know not where you may fall to.
III. Last comes the final scene: The retribution.
We have that picture of Zechariah, solemnly lifting up his eyes to heaven and committing his cause to God. ‘The Lord look upon it and require it,’ says the martyr priest in the spirit of the old Law. The dying appeal was soon answered in the invasion of the Syrian army, a comparatively small company, into whose hands the Lord delivered a very great host of the Israelites. The defeat was complete, and possibly Joash’s ‘great diseases,’ of which the narrative speaks, refer to wounds received in the fight. The end soon comes, for two of his servants, neither of them Hebrews, one being the son of an Ammonitess and the other the son of a Moabitess, who were truer to his religion than he had been, and resolved to revenge Zechariah’s death, entered the room, of the wounded king in the fortress whither he had retired to hide himself after the fight, and ‘slew him on his bed.’ Imagine the grim scene-the two men stealing in, the sick man there on the bed helpless, the short ghastly struggle and the swift end. What an end for a life with such a beginning!
Now I am not going to dwell on this retribution, inflicted on Joash, or on that which comes to us if we are like him, through a loud-voiced conscience, and a memory which, though it may be dulled and hushed to sleep at present, is sure to wake some day here or yonder. But I beseech you to ask yourselves what your outlook is. ‘Be not deceived, God is not mocked; for whatsoever a man soweth that shall he also reap.’ Is that all? Zechariah said, ‘The Lord look upon it and require it.’ The great doctrine of retribution is true for ever. Yes; but our Zechariah lifts up his eyes to heaven and he says, ‘Father! forgive them, for they know not what they do.’ And so, dear brother! you and I, trusting to that dear Lord, may have all our apostasy forgiven, and be brought near by the blood of Christ. Let us say with the Apostle Peter, ‘Lord, to whom shall we go but to Thee? Thou hast the words of eternal life.’
Alexander MacLaren, Expositions of Holy Scripture (1904–1910) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
C. I. Scofield 1917 · Public Domain On v18 groves (See Scofield "Deu 16:21"). See Scofield "Jdg 3:7".
groves (See Scofield "Deu 16:21"). See Scofield "Jdg 3:7".
The Scofield Reference Bible (1917 edition), notes by C. I. Scofield — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
unfoldingWord translationNotes 2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On vv17, 20 did honor to the king
did honor to the king
"gave honor to King Joash" or "honored the king"
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Then the king listened to them
The following verse indicates that they wanted the king to serve idols instead of Yahweh, and he agreed. AT: "Then they persuaded the king to do what they wanted" (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)
God's anger came on Judah and Jerusalem
God's anger is spoken of as something that covered over Judah and Jerusalem. Here the words "Judah" and "Jerusalem" are metonyms for the people who lived there. AT: "God became very angry with the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: Metaphor and Metonymy)
this wrongdoing of theirs
"their sin"
Yet he sent
Here the word "yet" indicates a contrast between God's anger and his sending of the prophets to give them a chance to repent and avoid judgment.
to himself, Yahweh
The reflexive pronoun emphasizes that Yahweh was the one to whom they should turn. (See: Reflexive Pronouns)
they refused to listen
"the people refused to obey"
translationWords
Judah
honor
king
forsake
God
worship
Asherah
false god
false god
anger
prophet
testimony
unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.
Tyndale Open Study Notes 2022 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On v20 24:20-22 Jehoiada had scrupulously preserved the courtyard of the…
24:20-22 Jehoiada had scrupulously preserved the courtyard of the Lord’s Temple from bloodshed and the dynasty of David from extinction. Yet ironically, Zechariah his son was murdered in the very place and by the very king, Joash, who was protected during the coup. Jesus made reference to this murder when he was criticizing the religious leaders (Matt 23:35; Luke 11:51). • “May the Lord . . . avenge my death!” This prayer for vengeance was similar to those that King David himself had prayed against the injustices done to him by Saul (cp. Pss 5:10; 7:9; 9:19-20; 28:4; 56:7; 139:19; see also “Prayers for Vengeance” Theme Note).
Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.