Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz.
Parallel Translations
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Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz.
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But Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz.
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And Hazael king of Aram oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz.
Cross-references (3)
Passages linked to 2 Kings 13:22 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, ordered by reader-vote popularity; verse text shown in World English Bible.
- 2 Kings 8:12 Hazael said, “Why do you weep, my lord?” He answered, “Because I know the evil that you will do to the children of Israel. You will set their strongholds on fire, and you will kill their young men with the sword, and will dash their little ones in pieces, and rip up their pregnant women.”
- 2 Kings 13:3-7 Yahweh’s anger burned against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of Hazael king of Syria, and into the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael, continually. Jehoahaz begged Yahweh, and Yahweh listened to him; for he saw the oppression of Israel, how the king of Syria oppressed them. (Yahweh gave Israel a savior, so that they went out from under the hand of the Syrians; and the children of Israel lived in their tents as before. Nevertheless they didn’t depart from the sins of the house of Jeroboam, with which he made Israel to sin, but walked in them; and the Asherah also remained in Samaria.) For he didn’t leave to Jehoahaz of the people any more than fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Syria destroyed them, and made them like the dust in threshing.
- Psalms 106:40-42 Therefore Yahweh burned with anger against his people. He abhorred his inheritance. He gave them into the hand of the nations. Those who hated them ruled over them. Their enemies also oppressed them. They were brought into subjection under their hand.
Cross-references from openbible.info (CC BY 4.0)
Explain this verse (7 sources)
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John Trapp 1656 · Public Domain 2Ki 13:22 But Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel…
2Ki 13:22 But Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz.
Ver. 22. All the days of Jehoahaz.] For about fifty years in all had this tyrant oppressed them. But God had promised them a saviour, viz., Joash, {2Ki 13:5} and this much about the time that Jehoahaz had besought the Lord, who was easily entreated to pity the low condition of his people. {2Ki 13:4}
John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Daniel D. Whedon 1874 · Public Domain DELIVERANCE FROM THE SYRIAN OPPRESSION, 2Ki_13:22-25.
DELIVERANCE FROM THE SYRIAN OPPRESSION, 2Ki_13:22-25.
22. All the days of Jehoahaz — So, though the Lord heard the prayer of this king of Israel, he did not answer it by sending a saviour until after his death. See 2Ki_13:4-5, notes.
Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges 1878 · Public Domain 22–25. Hazael’s oppression of Israel. God has compassion on…
22–25. Hazael’s oppression of Israel. God has compassion on them. The victories of Jehoash over Ben-hadad (Not in Chronicles)
22. But [R.V. And] Hazael … oppressed Israel] In these four verses we have a recapitulation of the attitude of Syria toward the Israelites in the two reigns of Jehoahaz and his son. The oppression lasted all the days of the former king, but yet, as in answer to his prayer (verse 4), Israel was not allowed to be destroyed. In the next reign came a greater relief.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain (22) But Hazael . . . oppressed.—Rather, Now Hazael…
(22) But Hazael . . . oppressed.—Rather, Now Hazael . . . had oppressed. The narrative returns to 2Ki_13:3.
A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Pulpit Commentary 1880 · Public Domain But Hazael King of Syria oppressed Israel all the…
But Hazael King of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz; rather, now Hazael King of Syria had oppressed Israel, etc. The author, having parenthetically related the extraordinary miracle wrought by the instrumentality of Elisha"s corpse, returns to the subject of the Syrian oppression. He had, in vers. 14-19, dwelt upon the promises of victory given by the prophet to Joash. He is now bent on relating their fulfillment. But before doing so he recapitulates. Ver. 22 refers back to ver. 3, and ver. 23 to vers. 4 and 5.
Vers. 22-25. Joash"s victories.
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We have in the closing verses a record of the fulfillment of the promise given through Elisha. Notice
I THE GROUND OF THESE VICTORIES. While God had respect to the prayer of Jehoahaz, there was a deeper ground for his interposition to save Israel. He was gracious to them, and had compassion on them, and had respect to them, we are told, because of his covenant with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob. More specifically, we have as grounds:
1. Love to the fathers. God remembered Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, and would not hastily cast off their posterity (cf. Deu_4:37; Rom_11:28) Many of the blessings which sinners enjoy, the forbearance God shows them, etc., are due to the prayers of godly ancestors.
2. Regard for his own promise. God had made a covenant with the patriarchs, and had promised to be a God to them, and to their seed after them. That covenant was the main fact in the history of Israel. It underlies and governs all God"s dealings with them, past, present, and prospective. It was the remembrance of this covenant which led to the deliverance from; (Exo_2:24, Exo_2:25) to the settlement in Canaan; (Deu_9:3) and to God"s patient dealings with the nation amidst their various rebellious, and under their constant provocations. God saved them, not for their righteousness" sake, but for his own Name"s sake. He is the God of unchanging faithfulness.
3. Unwillingness to destroy the people. God casts off none hastily, for he has "no pleasure in the death of him that dieth". (Eze_18:32) He bears long with men, if haply they will repent. Wherefore it is said, "He would not destroy them, neither cast he them from his presence as yet.
There is a limit, however, to Divine forbearance. The time came when, still remaining impenitent, they were cast away, though even then not forever.
II THE EXTENT OF THESE VICTORIES. They amounted, as Elisha had predicted, only to three. Three times Joash beat the King of Syria, and recovered the cities of Israel from his hand. This was a great gain, but it might so easily have been greater, had Joash only fulfilled aright the conditions of success. How much blessing we often deprive ourselves of by our own unfaithfulness and shortcoming! It is reason for rejoicing that God does so much for us; but the joy must eternally be shaded by regret when we reflect that it is by our own doings that far more is not done. J.O.
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary 1892 · Public Domain 2Ki_13:25. Three times did Joash beat him—i.e., Benhadad, the…
CRITICAL AND EXPLANATORY NOTES.—
2Ki_13:25. Three times did Joash beat him—i.e., Benhadad, the son of Hazael; according to the number of arrows he shot (2Ki_13:19).—W. H. J.
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HOMILETICS OF 2Ki_13:22-25
THE UNCHANGEABLENESS OF THE DIVINE MERCY
I. Seen in commiserating the sufferings of His people.—“Hazael oppressed Israel; and the Lord was gracious unto them and had compassion” (2Ki_13:22-23). The Divine heart is moved with the sight of suffering and woe. It is impossible for Him to be callous and indifferent to the afflictions of His people; the more they suffer, the more they are endeared to Him. The tenderness of the Divine mercy is unspeakably exquisite. How great is our sin to treat that mercy with coldness and persistent unbelief! Suffering is often the first thing that opens our eyes to the enormity of our sin and the marvellous condescension of the Divine mercy.
II. Seen in His reluctance to inflict the extreme penalty of disobedience.—“The Lord would not destroy them, neither cast He them from His presence as yet” (2Ki_13:23). The sins of the Israelites cried for chastisement. The greatest chastisement would be to be abandoned by Jehovah to the fury of their enemies, as was ultimately done (2Ki_17:18; 2Ki_17:20). But, though their iniquities deserved it, this extreme punishment was delayed by the Divine mercy. That mercy was reinforced by the Divine faithfulness. The Lord remembered “His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.” The exercise of mercy is always in harmony with every attribute of the Divine nature. If God be slow to punish because of His mercy, His justice ensures the certainty of punishment.
III. Seen in His faithful fulfilment of the promise of deliverance (2Ki_13:25). The dying Elisha, as the mouth-piece of Jehovah, had promised Israel three victories over Syria, and the resuscitation of the corpse when it touched the bones of the buried prophet would tend to strengthen faith in the fulfilment of the promise. In this verse the fact of that fulfilment is recorded—another indication that the history was written, not to set forth the valour and prowess of the Hebrews, and the external glory of the kingdom, but to illustrate the dealings of God with them, and trace the true causes of their decline and extinction as a nation. Every page of the history bears testimony to both the mercy and faithfulness of God. Mercy rejoices in providing means of deliverance, and faithfulness in carrying them out.
LESSONS:—The Divine mercy.—
1. Is tender and long-suffering.
2. Gives no licence to wrong-doing.
3. Provides an opportunity for repentance and reform.
GERM NOTES ON THE VERSES
2Ki_13:22-23.—National suffering. I. A chastisement for national sin. II. Awakens the Divine compassion. III. Is alleviated by the Divine mercy.
2Ki_13:23.—When God turns Himself from us, then we are given over to wretchedness: when he turns back to us again, then we find salvation. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob had been dead for a thousand years, and yet their blessing was efficacious. God does not take pleasure in our ruin, but remembers, even in the midst of His anger, His promised grace and the covenant He has made.—Lange.
2Ki_13:25.—Property wrongfully acquired. I. Has no security in its possession. II. Acquired by violence, may be restored by violence. III. Is not worth the trouble it costs to acquire and keep.
—Tyrants are rods by means of which God chastises His people; but finally the tyrants themselves are chastised by God and cast into the fire.
—These cities were unjustly obtained and quickly lost. Unrighteous wealth rarely comes to the third generation.—Lange.
The Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary (gen. ed. Joseph S. Exell; Funk & Wagnalls, c. 1892) — public domain (pre-1929). A full-Bible homiletical/sermon-outline anthology covering 65 of 66 books (2 John is absent from the source module). Text from a community e-Sword module.
unfoldingWord translationNotes 2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0 But Yahweh was gracious to Israel, and had compassion…
But Yahweh was gracious to Israel, and had compassion on them and concern for them
It may be helpful to divide this sentence into shorter parts. AT: "But Yahweh was very kind to the Israelite people. He helped them"
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So Yahweh did not destroy them
Yahweh's covenant is the reason he did not destroy Israel. This can be made explicit. AT: "This is the reason that Yahweh did not destroy them" or "Because of his covenant, Yahweh did not destroy them" (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)
has not driven them away from his presence
Yahweh's rejection is spoken of as if he had physically driven Israel away from where he was. AT: "has not rejected them" (See: Metaphor)
translationWords
Aram
oppress
Yahweh
grace
compassion
covenant
Abraham
Isaac
Jacob
unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.