In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves. Then Joram passed over to Zair, and all his chariots with him: and he rose up by night, and struck the Edomites who surrounded him, and the captains of the chariots; and the people fled to their tents. So Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah to this day. Then Libnah revolted at the same time.
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2 Kings 8:20-22 sits inside this longer paragraph.
In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves. Then Joram passed over to Zair, and all his chariots with him: and he rose up by night, and struck the Edomites who surrounded him, and the captains of the chariots; and the people fled to their tents. So Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah to this day. Then Libnah revolted at the same time. The rest of the acts of Joram, and all that he did, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? Joram slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in David’s city; and Ahaziah his son reigned in his place. In the twelfth year of Joram the son of Ahab king of Israel, Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah began to reign. Ahaziah was twenty-two years old when he began to reign; and he reigned one year in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Athaliah the daughter of Omri king of Israel. He walked in the way of Ahab’s house, and did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, as did Ahab’s house; for he was the son-in-law of Ahab’s house. He went with Joram the son of Ahab to war against Hazael king of Syria at Ramoth Gilead, and the Syrians wounded Joram. King Joram returned to be healed in Jezreel from the wounds which the Syrians had given him at Ramah, when he fought against Hazael king of Syria. Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Joram the son of Ahab in Jezreel, because he was sick.
Parallel Translations
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In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves.
Then Joram passed over to Zair, and all his chariots with him: and he rose up by night, and struck the Edomites who surrounded him, and the captains of the chariots; and the people fled to their tents.
So Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah to this day. Then Libnah revolted at the same time.
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In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves.
So Joram went over to Zair, and all the chariots with him: and he rose by night, and smote the Edomites which compassed him about, and the captains of the chariots: and the people fled into their tents.
Yet Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah unto this day. Then Libnah revolted at the same time.
Show all 3 translations
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In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves.
Then Joram passed over to Zair, and all his chariots with him; and he rose up by night, and smote the Edomites that compassed him about, and the captains of the chariots; and the people fled to their tents.
Yet Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, unto this day. Then did Libnah revolt at the same time.
Cross-references (12)
- 1 Kings 22:47 (v20) There was no king in Edom. A deputy ruled.
- Joshua 21:13 (v22) To the children of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron with its pasture lands, the city of refuge for the man slayer, Libnah with its pasture…
- 2 Kings 3:9 (v20) So the king of Israel went with the king of Judah and the king of Edom, and they marched for seven days along a circuitous route. There was…
- 2 Kings 19:8 (v22) So Rabshakeh returned and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah; for he had heard that he had departed from Lachish.
- Genesis 27:40 (vv20, 22) You will live by your sword, and you will serve your brother. It will happen, when you will break loose, that you will shake his yoke from…
Show all 11 cross-references
- 2 Kings 3:27 (v20) Then he took his oldest son who would have reigned in his place, and offered him for a burnt offering on the wall. There was great wrath…
- 2 Kings 8:22 (v20) So Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah to this day. Then Libnah revolted at the same time.
- 2 Samuel 8:14 (v20) He put garrisons in Edom. Throughout all Edom, he put garrisons, and all the Edomites became servants to David. Yahweh gave victory to…
- 2 Samuel 18:17 (v21) They took Absalom and cast him into a great pit in the forest, and raised over him a very great heap of stones. Then all Israel fled, each…
- 2 Chronicles 21:8-10 (v20) In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves. Then Jehoram went there with his captains and all…
- 2 Chronicles 21:10 (v22) So Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah to this day. Then Libnah revolted at the same time from under his hand, because he had…
11 distinct cross-references across this passage (12 total citations).
Cross-references from openbible.info (CC BY 4.0)
Explain this passage (14 sources)
Historical commentary, presented as a primary source — not an endorsement.
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Geneva Bible translators 1599 · Public Domain On vv20, 22 Which had been subject from David’s time, until this…
Which had been subject from David’s time, until this time of Jehoram.
Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain.
John Trapp 1656 · Public Domain On vv20–22 2Ki 8:20 In his days Edom revolted from under…
2Ki 8:20 In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves.
Ver. 20. In his days Edom revolted.] And so fulfilled old Isaac’s prophecy, {Gen 27:40} for the punishment of this idolatrous tyrant, who had lately imbrued his hands in the blood of his six brethren, with others their partisans, and set up high places in the mountains of Judah, &c. {2Ch 21:2; 2Ch 21:10-11}
John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Matthew Poole 1685 · Public Domain On vv20–22 From under the hand of Judah; under which they…
From under the hand of Judah; under which they had been from David’s time, 2Sa 8:14. Compare 1Ki 22:47.
Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
John Gill 1763 · Public Domain On vv20–22 In his days Edom revolted from under the hand…
In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah,.... Who had been tributary to Judah ever since the times of David, for the space of one hundred and fifty years:
and made a king over themselves; for though they are said to have kings, those were only deputy kings, as in Kg1 22:47 and now the prediction of Isaac began to be accomplished, Gen 27:40.
John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
Adam Clarke 1810 · Public Domain On v21 Verse 21. Joram went over to Zair] This is…
Verse 21. Joram went over to Zair] This is the same as Seir, a chief city of Idumea. So Isa 21:11: The burden of Dumah (Idumea.) He calleth to me out of Seir.
Smote the Edomites] It appears that the Israelites were surrounded by the Idumeans; and that in the night Joram and his men cut their way through them, and so got every man to his tent, for they were not able to make any farther head against these enemies; and therefore it is said, that Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah unto this day.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Joseph Benson 1811 · Public Domain On vv20–21 2Ki 8:20. In his days Edom revolted — After…
2Ki 8:20. In his days Edom revolted — After they had been subject to Judah one hundred and fifty years, ever since the time of David, who subdued that country. This was a great dishonour to him. Hereby, however, the prophecy of Isaac (Gen 27:40) was fulfilled.
Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Albert Barnes 1834 · Public Domain On vv20–22 Edom, which had been reduced by David 2Sa 8:14;…
Edom, which had been reduced by David 2Sa 8:14; 1Ki 11:15-16, but had apparently revolted from Solomon 1Ki 11:14, was again subjected to Judah in the reign of Jehoshaphat 2 Kings 3:8-26. The Edomites had, however, retained their native kings, and with them the spirit of independence. They now rose in revolt, and fulfilled the prophecy Gen 27:40, remaining from henceforth a separate and independent people (Jer 25:21; Jer 27:3; Amo 1:11, etc.). Kings of Edom, who seem to be independent monarchs, are often mentioned in the Assyrian inscriptions.
Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary 1859 · Public Domain On vv20–22 King. The one under Josaphat was dependant, chap. iii.…
King. The one under Josaphat was dependant, chap. iii. 9., and 3 Kings xxii. 48. Thus the prediction of Jacob was verified, (Genesis xxvii. 40.; Calmet) and Joram punished. (Haydock)
George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).
Daniel D. Whedon 1874 · Public Domain On vv20–22 20. Edom revolted — This was a determined and…
20. Edom revolted — This was a determined and successful effort on the part of the Edomites to break away from the thraldom which had oppressed them ever since the days of David. See note on 1Ki_22:47.
Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges 1878 · Public Domain On vv20–22 20. Edom revolted] In Solomon’s time, Hadad (1Ki_11:14) recovered…
20. Edom revolted] In Solomon’s time, Hadad (1Ki_11:14) recovered the kingdom of Edom, which had been overthrown by David (2Sa_8:14). But by the time of Jehoshaphat the Edomites were again subject to Judah (1Ki_22:47) and appear to have continued so until the time of the revolution here mentioned.
made a king over themselves] i.e. They deposed the deputy of Judah, and made one of their own royal family king, or chose a king of their own.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain On vv20–22 (20) In his days Edom revolted.—The connection of ideas…
(20) In his days Edom revolted.—The connection of ideas is this: Although Jehovah was not willing to extirpate Judah, yet He suffered it to be seriously weakened by the defections recorded in 2Ki_8:20-22.
Made a king over themselves.—Josephus says they slew the vassal king appointed over them by Jehoshaphat (1Ki_22:48). Edom appears to have been subject to the hegemony of Judah from the time of the disruption under Rehoboam.
A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Pulpit Commentary 1880 · Public Domain On vv20–22 In his days Edom revolted from under the hand…
In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah. Edom had been conquered by Joab in the time of David, and had been treated with great severity, all the males, or at any rate all those of full age, having been put to death. (1Ki_11:15, 1Ki_11:16) On the death of David, Edom seems to have revolted under a prince named Hadad, and to have reestablished its independence. It had been again sub-jeered by the time of Jehoshaphat, who appointed a governor over it, (1Ki_22:47) and treated it as a portion of his own territories. (2Ki_3:8) Now the yoke was finally thrown off, as had been prophesied. (Gen_27:40) Edom became once more a separate kingdom, and was especially hostile to Judah. In the reign of Ahaz the Edomites "smote Judah" and carried away many captives. (2Ch_28:17) When the Chaldaeans attacked and besieged Jerusalem, they cried, "Down with it, down with it, even to the ground!". (Psa_137:7) They looked on with joy at the capture of the holy city, (Oba_1:12) and "stood in the crossway, to cut off such as escaped". (Oba_1:14) After the return from the Captivity, they were still Judah"s enemies, and am especially denounced as such by the Prophet Malachi. (Mal_1:3-5) In the Maccabee wars, we find them always on the Syrian side, (RAPC 1Ma 4:29, 61 5:3 6:31 2Ma 10:15, etc.) doing their best to rivet the hateful yoke of the heathen on their suffering brethren. As Idumaeans, the Herodian family must have been specially hateful to the Jews. And made a king over themselves. The king mentioned in 2Ki_3:9, 26 was probably a mere vassal king under Jehoshaphat.
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
unfoldingWord translationNotes 2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On vv20, 22 Edom revolted from under
Edom revolted from under
"Edom rebelled against"
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the hand of Judah
Here the word "hand" refers to the control of Judah, and "Judah" refers specifically to the king of Judah. AT: "the control of the king of Judah" (See: Metonymy)
they set a king over themselves
"they appointed a king to rule over themselves"
Then Jehoram crossed over
What was "crossed over" can be stated clearly. AT: "Then Jehoram crossed the enemy lines" (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)
translationWords
Edom
commander
chariot
unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.
Tyndale Open Study Notes 2022 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On v22 8:22 The town of Libnah was located in southwestern…
8:22 The town of Libnah was located in southwestern Judah, not far from the Philistine border. The Philistines and the Arabians also launched an attack against Jerusalem during Jehoram’s reign; all of Jehoram’s sons except Ahaziah were killed (2 Chr 21:16-17).
Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.