A foreigner and a hired servant shall not eat of it.
Parallel Translations
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A foreigner and a hired servant shall not eat of it.
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A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.
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A sojourner and a hired servant shall not eat thereof.
Examined in Scripture Analysis
Commandments (1)
The laws of the Torah, each cited and shown as a primary source.
Cross-references (2)
Passages linked to Exodus 12:45 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, ordered by reader-vote popularity; verse text shown in World English Bible.
- Leviticus 22:10 “ ‘No stranger shall eat of the holy thing: a foreigner living with the priests, or a hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.
- Ephesians 2:12 that you were at that time separate from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of the promise, having no hope and without God in the world.
Cross-references from openbible.info (CC BY 4.0)
Explain this verse (11 sources)
Historical commentary, presented as a primary source — not an endorsement.
Private notes
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John Trapp 1656 · Public Domain Exo 12:45 A foreigner and an hired servant shall…
Exo 12:45 A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.
Ver. 45. A foreigner.] Unless a proselyte.
John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Matthew Poole 1685 · Public Domain Except he submit to circumcision, as Exo 12:43. See…
Except he submit to circumcision, as Exo 12:43. See Num 9:14.
Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
John Gill 1763 · Public Domain One law shall be to him that is homeborn,....…
One law shall be to him that is homeborn,.... A proper Israelite, one that is so by descent:
and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you; that becomes a proselyte to the true religion; these were both bound by the same law, and obliged to observe the same rites and ceremonies, and partook of the same ordinances, benefits, and privileges; this was a dawn of grace to the poor Gentiles, and presignified what would be in Gospel times, when they should be fellow citizens with the saints, and of the household of God, be fellow heirs of the same body, and partakers of the promises of Christ by the Gospel, Eph 2:19.
John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
John Wesley 1765 · Public Domain An hired servant - Unless he submit to be…
An hired servant - Unless he submit to be circumcised.
John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.
Adam Clarke 1810 · Public Domain Verse 45. A foreigner] תושב toshab, from ישב yashab,…
Verse 45. A foreigner] תושב toshab, from ישב yashab, to sit down or dwell; one who is a mere sojourner, for the purpose of traffic, merchandise, c., but who is neither a proselyte of the gate nor of the covenant.
And a hired servant] Who, though he be bought with money, or has indented himself for a certain term to serve a Jew, yet has not become either a proselyte of the gate or of the covenant. None of these shall eat of it, because not circumcised - not brought under the bond of the covenant and not being under obligation to observe the Mosaic law, had no right to its privileges and blessings. Even under the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ, he is the author of eternal salvation only to them who OBEY him, Heb 5:9; and those who become Christians are chosen to salvation through SANCTIFICATION of the Spirit, and belief of the truth, 2Th 2:13; for the grace of God, that bringeth salvation to all men, hath appeared, teaching us that, DENYING UNGODLINESS and WORLDLY LUSTS we should live SOBERLY, RIGHTEOUSLY, and GODLY, in this present world; Tit 2:11-12. Such persons only walk worthy of the vocation wherewith they are called.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Joseph Benson 1811 · Public Domain Exo 12:45; Exo 12:48. A hired servant — Unless…
Exo 12:45; Exo 12:48. A hired servant — Unless he submit to be circumcised. All the congregation of Israel must keep it — Though it was observed in families apart, yet it is looked upon as the act of the whole congregation. And so the New Testament passover, the Lord’s supper, ought not to be neglected by any that are capable of celebrating it. No stranger that was uncircumcised might eat of it. Neither may any now approach the Lord’s supper who have not first submitted to baptism; nor shall any partake of the benefit of Christ’s sacrifice, who are not first circumcised in heart. Any stranger that was circumcised might eat of the passover, even servants. Here is an indication of favour to the poor Gentiles, that the stranger, if circumcised, stands upon the same level with the home-born Israelite; one law for both. This was a mortification to the Jews, and taught them that it was their dedication to God, not their descent from Abraham, that entitled them to their privileges.
Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Albert Barnes 1834 · Public Domain A foreigner - or sojourner: one who resides in…
A foreigner - or sojourner: one who resides in a country, not having a permanent home, nor being attached to an Israelitish household.
Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges 1878 · Public Domain 45. The settler (tôshâb) and hired servant are not…
45. The settler (tôshâb) and hired servant are not to eat of it. The technical distinction between the tôshâb and the gêr (v. 48) is not altogether clear. To judge from the etymology, the tôshâb was a foreigner, more permanently ‘settled’ in Israel than an ordinary gêr, and also perhaps (Lev_22:10; Lev_25:6) more definitely attached to a particular family (LXX. usually πάροικος), but, like the gêr, without civil rights, and dependent for his position on the good-will of his patronus (cf. Gen_23:4, Lev_25:23, Psa_39:12, 1Ch_29:15): the word also occurs Lev_25:35; Lev_25:40; Lev_25:45; Lev_25:47 (twice), Num_35:15. RV. ‘sojourner,’ except Lev_25:6; Lev_25:45 ‘stranger.’ See further Bertholet, Die Stellung der Isr. zu den Fremden (1896), p. 157 ff. (cf. 172 f.), Bä. p. 107, EB. iv. 4818. The ‘hired servant’ is associated, as here, in Lev_22:10; Lev_25:6; Lev_25:40, with the tôshâb, and in Lev_22:10 with the gêr as well, as having both similar disqualifications, and (Exo_25:39 f.) similar rights; evidently he is to be thought of as a foreigner (cf. Lev_25:6 ‘that sojourn with thee’), whose rights are limited, and who is hired by his master, for fixed wages, for a longer or a shorter time. Why the same permission is not given to the ‘settler’ as to the ‘sojourner’ (v. 48) to partake of the Passover, if he is circumcised, is not apparent; perhaps (cf. Bertholet, 159) he is included in v. 48 in the more general term gêr (cf. Lev_Exo_25:6 end).
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain (45) An hired servant.—It is assumed that the hired…
(45) An hired servant.—It is assumed that the hired servant will be a foreigner; otherwise, of course, he would participate.
A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Pulpit Commentary 1880 · Public Domain A foreigner. Literally "a so-journeri.e., a foreigner who is…
A foreigner. Literally "a so-journeri.e., a foreigner who is merely passing through the land, or staying for a time, without intending to become a permanent resident. The Septuagint paroikov well expresses the meaning. A hired servant. It is assumed that the "hired servant" will be a foreigner; and intended to guard against any compulsion being put upon him.
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
unfoldingWord translationNotes 2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0 The food must be eaten in one house
The food must be eaten in one house
This can be stated in active form. AT: "Each Israelite family must eat the food in one house" (See: Active or Passive)
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you must not break any bone of it
"you must not break any of its bones." Here the word "it" refers to the lamb which the Israelite family will eat.
translationWords
alien
servant
unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.