If he marries her to his son, he shall deal with her as a daughter. If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, and her marital rights. If he doesn’t do these three things for her, she may go free without paying any money.
Show the surrounding paragraph
Exodus 21:9-11 sits inside this longer paragraph.
“If a man sells his daughter to be a female servant, she shall not go out as the male servants do. If she doesn’t please her master, who has married her to himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. He shall have no right to sell her to a foreign people, since he has dealt deceitfully with her. If he marries her to his son, he shall deal with her as a daughter. If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, and her marital rights. If he doesn’t do these three things for her, she may go free without paying any money.
Parallel Translations
-
If he marries her to his son, he shall deal with her as a daughter.
If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, and her marital rights.
If he doesn’t do these three things for her, she may go free without paying any money.
-
And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.
If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish.
And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money.
Show all 3 translations
-
And if he espouse her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.
If he take him another wife, her food, her raiment, and her conjugal rights, shall he not diminish.
And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out for nothing, without money.
Cross-references (1)
- 1 Corinthians 7:1-6 (v10) Now concerning the things about which you wrote to me: it is good for a man not to touch a woman. But, because of sexual immoralities, let…
Cross-references from openbible.info (CC BY 4.0)
Explain this passage (14 sources)
Historical commentary, presented as a primary source — not an endorsement.
Private notes
Saved on this device only — never synced or sent anywhere.
Geneva Bible translators 1599 · Public Domain On vv9–11 That is, he shall give his dowry.
That is, he shall give his dowry.
Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain.
John Trapp 1656 · Public Domain On vv9–11 Exo 21:9 And if he have betrothed her unto…
Exo 21:9 And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.
Ver. 9. After the manner of daughters.] Not put her off, as they say they do their daughters in Hungary, without a portion, only with a new coat at their wedding: much less set her to sale, as the Thracians did their young brides; quae non moribus nubebant, sed praemiis. {a}
Read full note →
{a} Solin, cap. 15.
John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Matthew Poole 1685 · Public Domain On vv9–11 i.e. Give her a convenient portion, as he doth…
i.e. Give her a convenient portion, as he doth to his own daughters, Exo 22:16.
Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
John Gill 1763 · Public Domain On vv9–11 And if he have betrothed her unto his son,....…
And if he have betrothed her unto his son,.... Not caring to betroth and marry her himself, as being more suitable in age for his son than for himself:
he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters; as if she was his daughter, and give her a dowry: or the son shall treat her after the manner the daughters of Israel are treated when married, by giving her food, raiment, and the duty of marriage, so Jarchi: or after the manner of the daughters of Israel that are virgins, and who are not sold, as Aben Ezra.
John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
John Wesley 1765 · Public Domain On v9 After the manner of daughters - He shall give…
After the manner of daughters - He shall give her a portion, as to a daughter.
John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.
Adam Clarke 1810 · Public Domain On vv9, 11 Verse 9. Betrothed her unto his son, he shall…
Verse 9. Betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her] He shall give her the same dowry he would give to one of his own daughters. From these laws we learn, that if a man's son married his servant, by his father's consent, the father was obliged to treat her in every respect as a daughter; and if the son married another woman, as it appears he might do, Ex 21:10, he was obliged to make no abatement in the privileges of the first wife, either in her food, raiment, or duty of marriage. The word ענתה onathah, here, is the same with St. Paul's οφειλομενην ευνοιαν, the marriage debt, and with the ομιλιαν of the Septuagint, which signifies the cohabitation of man and wife.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Joseph Benson 1811 · Public Domain On v9 Exo 21:9-10. After the manner of daughters — He…
Exo 21:9-10. After the manner of daughters — He shall give her a convenient portion, as he doth to his own daughters. Duty of marriage — Termed due benevolence, 1Co 7:3 : or, her dwelling, as the word is often used. Thus the three great conveniences of life are included, food, raiment, and habitation, all which he is to provide for her.
Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Albert Barnes 1834 · Public Domain On v11 If he do not these three unto her -…
If he do not these three unto her - The words express a choice of one of three things. The man was to give the woman, whom he had purchased from her father, her freedom, unless
(i) he caused her to be redeemed by a Hebrew master Exo 21:8; or,
Read full note →
(ii) gave her to his son, and treated her as a daughter Exo 21:9; or,
(iii) in the event of his taking another wife Exo 21:10, unless he allowed her to retain her place and privileges.
These rules Exo 21:7-11 are to be regarded as mitigations of the then existing usages of concubinage.
Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary 1859 · Public Domain On vv9–10 Daughters. When she is old enough to be married,…
Daughters. When she is old enough to be married, he shall give her a dowry like his own daughter, or like a free woman. (Haydock)
George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).
Daniel D. Whedon 1874 · Public Domain On vv10–11 10. Her duty of marriage — עונה, cohabitation and…
10. Her duty of marriage — עונה, cohabitation and associated conjugal rights.
Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges 1878 · Public Domain On vv9–11 9. Second special case: if at the time of…
9. Second special case: if at the time of purchasing the woman, her master intends her for his son.
If he designate her for his son, he shall deal with her according to the rights of daughters] i.e. treat her as a daughter of his own household, give her the maintenance, clothing, &c. which a daughter would naturally have.
Read full note →
for his son] ‘as in Persia (Chardin, Voyage, ii. 259), Arabia, Niebuhr, Arabia, p. 74, Snouck-Hurgronje, Mekka, p. 157’ (Dillm.-Ryss.).
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain On vv10–11 (10) If he take him another wife.—Polygamy is viewed…
(10) If he take him another wife.—Polygamy is viewed as lawful in this passage, as elsewhere generally in the Mosaic Law, which did not venture to forbid, though to some extent discouraging it. The legislator was forced to allow many things to the Hebrews, “for the hardness of their hearts” (Mat_19:8).
Her duty of marriage.—Rather, her right of cohabitation.
A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Pulpit Commentary 1880 · Public Domain On vv9–11 And if he hath betrothed her unto his son.…
And if he hath betrothed her unto his son. A man might have bought the maiden for this object, or finding himself not pleased with her (ver. 8), might have made his son take his place as her husband. In this case but one course was allowed he must give her the status of a daughter thenceforth in his family.
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
unfoldingWord translationNotes 2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On v9 designates her as a wife for his son
designates her as a wife for his son
"decides that she is the one who will be his son's wife"
Read full note →
he must not diminish her food, clothing, or her marital rights
This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "he must give the first wife the same food, clothing, and marital rights she had before" (See: Double Negatives)
must not diminish her food
"must not take away her food" or "must not give her less food"
or her marital rights
This includes things that a husband must do for his wife, including sleeping with her. AT: "and he must continue to sleep with her as before" (See: Euphemism)
unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.