Back to Ezekiel 16

Ezekiel 16:8-14

“ ‘ “Now when I passed by you, and looked at you, behold, your time was the time of love; and I spread my skirt over you, and covered your nakedness. Yes, I swore to you, and entered into a covenant with you,” says the Lord Yahweh, “and you became mine.

“ ‘ “Then washed I you with water. Yes, I thoroughly washed away your blood from you, and I anointed you with oil. I clothed you also with embroidered work, and put sealskin sandals on you. I dressed you with fine linen and covered you with silk. I decked you with ornaments, put bracelets on your hands, and put a chain on your neck. I put a ring on your nose, and earrings in your ears, and a beautiful crown on your head. Thus you were decked with gold and silver. Your clothing was of fine linen, silk, and embroidered work. You ate fine flour, honey, and oil. You were exceedingly beautiful, and you prospered to royal estate. Your renown went out among the nations for your beauty; for it was perfect, through my majesty which I had put on you,” says the Lord Yahweh.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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Parallel Translations

  • WEB World English Bible

    “ ‘ “Now when I passed by you, and looked at you, behold, your time was the time of love; and I spread my skirt over you, and covered your nakedness. Yes, I swore to you, and entered into a covenant with you,” says the Lord Yahweh, “and you became mine.

    “ ‘ “Then washed I you with water. Yes, I thoroughly washed away your blood from you, and I anointed you with oil.

    I clothed you also with embroidered work, and put sealskin sandals on you. I dressed you with fine linen and covered you with silk.

    I decked you with ornaments, put bracelets on your hands, and put a chain on your neck.

    I put a ring on your nose, and earrings in your ears, and a beautiful crown on your head.

    Thus you were decked with gold and silver. Your clothing was of fine linen, silk, and embroidered work. You ate fine flour, honey, and oil. You were exceedingly beautiful, and you prospered to royal estate.

    Your renown went out among the nations for your beauty; for it was perfect, through my majesty which I had put on you,” says the Lord Yahweh.

  • KJV King James Version

    Now when I passed by thee, and looked upon thee, behold, thy time was the time of love; and I spread my skirt over thee, and covered thy nakedness: yea, I sware unto thee, and entered into a covenant with thee, saith the Lord GOD, and thou becamest mine.

    Then washed I thee with water; yea, I throughly washed away thy blood from thee, and I anointed thee with oil.

    I clothed thee also with broidered work, and shod thee with badgers’ skin, and I girded thee about with fine linen, and I covered thee with silk.

    I decked thee also with ornaments, and I put bracelets upon thy hands, and a chain on thy neck.

    And I put a jewel on thy forehead, and earrings in thine ears, and a beautiful crown upon thine head.

    Thus wast thou decked with gold and silver; and thy raiment was of fine linen, and silk, and broidered work; thou didst eat fine flour, and honey, and oil: and thou wast exceeding beautiful, and thou didst prosper into a kingdom.

    And thy renown went forth among the heathen for thy beauty: for it was perfect through my comeliness, which I had put upon thee, saith the Lord GOD.

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  • JPS JPS Tanakh (1917)

    Now when I passed by thee, and looked upon thee, and, behold, thy time was the time of love, I spread my skirt over thee, and covered thy nakedness; yea, I swore unto thee, and entered into a covenant with thee, saith the Lord GOD, and thou becamest Mine.

    Then washed I thee with water; yea, I cleansed away thy blood from thee, and I anointed thee with oil.

    I clothed thee also with richly woven work, and shod thee with sealskin, and I wound fine linen about thy head, and covered thee with silk.

    I decked thee also with ornaments, and I put bracelets upon thy hands, and a chain on thy neck.

    And I put a ring upon thy nose, and earrings in thine ears, and a beautiful crown upon thy head.

    Thus wast thou decked with gold and silver; and thy raiment was of fine linen, and silk, and richly woven work; thou didst eat fine flour, and honey, and oil; and thou didst wax exceeding beautiful, and thou wast meet for royal estate.

    And thy renown went forth among the nations for thy beauty; for it was perfect, through My splendour which I had put upon thee, saith the Lord GOD.

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Cross-references (119)

  • Ruth 3:9 (v8) He said, “Who are you?” She answered, “I am Ruth your servant. Therefore spread the corner of your garment over your servant; for you are a…
  • Jeremiah 2:2-3 (v8) “Go and proclaim in the ears of Jerusalem, saying, ‘Yahweh says, “I remember for you the kindness of your youth, the love of your weddings;…
  • Romans 5:8 (v8) But God commends his own love toward us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.
  • Isaiah 43:4 (v8) Since you have been precious and honored in my sight, and I have loved you, therefore I will give people in your place, and nations instead…
  • Genesis 24:22 (v11) As the camels had done drinking, the man took a golden ring of half a shekel weight, and two bracelets for her hands of ten shekels weight…
Show all 100 cross-references
  • Exodus 32:13 (v8) Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, your servants, to whom you swore by your own self, and said to them, ‘I will multiply your offspring…
  • Exodus 19:4-8 (v8) ‘You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles’ wings, and brought you to myself. Now therefore, if you will…
  • Deuteronomy 4:31 (v8) For Yahweh your God is a merciful God. He will not fail you nor destroy you, nor forget the covenant of your fathers which he swore to them.
  • Deuteronomy 7:6-8 (v8) For you are a holy people to Yahweh your God. Yahweh your God has chosen you to be a people for his own possession, above all peoples who…
  • 1 Samuel 12:22 (v8) For Yahweh will not forsake his people for his great name’s sake, because it has pleased Yahweh to make you a people for himself.
  • Hosea 11:1 (v8) “When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt.
  • Isaiah 3:19 (v11) the earrings, the bracelets, the veils,
  • Genesis 41:42 (vv10–11) Pharaoh took off his signet ring from his hand, and put it on Joseph’s hand, and arrayed him in robes of fine linen, and put a gold chain…
  • Lamentations 2:15 (vv13–14) All that pass by clap their hands at you. They hiss and wag their head at the daughter of Jerusalem, saying, “Is this the city that men…
  • Genesis 24:47 (v11) I asked her, and said, ‘Whose daughter are you?’ She said, ‘The daughter of Bethuel, Nahor’s son, whom Milcah bore to him.’ I put the ring…
  • 1 Kings 10:24 (v14) All the earth sought the presence of Solomon, to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart.
  • Ezekiel 16:6 (v8) “ ‘ “When I passed by you, and saw you wallowing in your blood, I said to you, ‘Though you are in your blood, live!’ Yes, I said to you,…
  • Ezekiel 16:18 (v10) You took your embroidered garments, covered them, and set my oil and my incense before them.
  • Deuteronomy 32:13-14 (v13) He made him ride on the high places of the earth. He ate the increase of the field. He caused him to suck honey out of the rock, oil out of…
  • Ruth 3:3 (v9) Therefore wash yourself, anoint yourself, get dressed, and go down to the threshing floor; but don’t make yourself known to the man until…
  • 1 Kings 4:21 (v13) Solomon ruled over all the kingdoms from the River to the land of the Philistines, and to the border of Egypt. They brought tribute and…
  • Psalms 23:5 (v9) You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies. You anoint my head with oil. My cup runs over.
  • Psalms 50:2 (v13) Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, God shines out.
  • Proverbs 1:9 (v11) for they will be a garland to grace your head, and chains around your neck.
  • Isaiah 41:8-9 (v8) “But you, Israel, my servant, Jacob whom I have chosen, the offspring of Abraham my friend, You whom I have taken hold of from the ends of…
  • Jeremiah 31:3 (v8) Yahweh appeared of old to me, saying, “Yes, I have loved you with an everlasting love. Therefore I have drawn you with loving kindness.
  • Ezekiel 16:13 (v10) Thus you were decked with gold and silver. Your clothing was of fine linen, silk, and embroidered work. You ate fine flour, honey, and oil.…
  • Malachi 1:2 (v8) “I have loved you,” says Yahweh. Yet you say, “How have you loved us?” “Wasn’t Esau Jacob’s brother?” says Yahweh, “Yet I loved Jacob;
  • Psalms 45:13-14 (vv10, 13) The princess inside is all glorious. Her clothing is interwoven with gold. She shall be led to the king in embroidered work. The virgins,…
  • Isaiah 3:21 (vv11–12) the signet rings, the nose rings,
  • Exodus 24:1-8 (v8) He said to Moses, “Come up to Yahweh, you, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel; and worship from a distance.…
  • Exodus 26:36 (v10) “You shall make a screen for the door of the Tent, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, the work of the embroiderer.
  • Psalms 48:2 (v13) Beautiful in elevation, the joy of the whole earth, is Mount Zion, on the north sides, the city of the great King.
  • Isaiah 61:10 (v10) I will greatly rejoice in Yahweh! My soul will be joyful in my God, for he has clothed me with the garments of salvation. He has covered me…
  • Isaiah 63:7-9 (v8) I will tell of the loving kindnesses of Yahweh and the praises of Yahweh, according to all that Yahweh has given to us, and the great…
  • Jeremiah 31:32 (v8) not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of…
  • Ezekiel 20:5-6 (v8) Tell them, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “In the day when I chose Israel, and swore to the offspring of the house of Jacob, and made myself known…
  • Ezekiel 23:42 (v11) “The voice of a multitude being at ease was with her. With men of the common sort were brought drunkards from the wilderness; and they put…
  • Hosea 2:18-20 (v8) In that day I will make a covenant for them with the animals of the field, and with the birds of the sky, and with the creeping things of…
  • Romans 9:10-13 (v8) Not only so, but Rebekah also conceived by one, by our father Isaac. For being not yet born, neither having done anything good or bad, that…
  • 1 John 2:27 (v9) As for you, the anointing which you received from him remains in you, and you don’t need for anyone to teach you. But as his anointing…
  • 1 John 5:8 (v9) the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and the three agree as one.
  • Isaiah 28:5 (vv11–12) In that day, Yahweh of Armies will become a crown of glory and a diadem of beauty to the residue of his people,
  • Exodus 26:14 (v10) You shall make a covering for the tent of rams’ skins dyed red, and a covering of sea cow hides above.
  • Exodus 28:5 (v10) They shall use the gold, and the blue, and the purple, and the scarlet, and the fine linen.
  • Exodus 39:27-28 (v10) They made the tunics of fine linen of woven work for Aaron and for his sons, the turban of fine linen, the linen headbands of fine linen,…
  • Numbers 31:50 (v11) We have brought Yahweh’s offering, what every man found: gold ornaments, armlets, bracelets, signet rings, earrings, and necklaces, to make…
  • Deuteronomy 4:6-8 (v14) Keep therefore and do them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples who shall hear all these statutes…
  • Isaiah 61:3 (v10) to provide for those who mourn in Zion, to give to them a garland for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the…
  • Ezekiel 16:19 (v13) My bread also which I gave you, fine flour, oil, and honey, with which I fed you, you even set it before them for a pleasant aroma; and so…
  • Ezekiel 27:16 (v10) “ ‘ “Syria was your merchant by reason of the multitude of your handiworks. They traded for your wares with emeralds, purple, embroidered…
  • Luke 15:22 (v10) “But the father said to his servants, ‘Bring out the best robe, and put it on him. Put a ring on his hand, and sandals on his feet.
  • 1 Corinthians 4:7 (v14) For who makes you different? And what do you have that you didn’t receive? But if you did receive it, why do you boast as if you had not…
  • 1 Corinthians 6:11 (v9) Some of you were such, but you were washed. But you were sanctified. But you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and in the…
  • Revelation 4:10 (v11) the twenty-four elders fall down before him who sits on the throne, and worship him who lives forever and ever, and throw their crowns…
  • Revelation 19:8 (v10) It was given to her that she would array herself in bright, pure, fine linen: for the fine linen is the righteous acts of the saints.
  • Genesis 17:6 (v13) I will make you exceedingly fruitful, and I will make nations of you. Kings will come out of you.
  • Genesis 24:53 (v11) The servant brought out jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and clothing, and gave them to Rebekah. He also gave precious things to her…
  • Genesis 35:4 (v11) They gave to Jacob all the foreign gods which were in their hands, and the rings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak…
  • Exodus 25:5 (v10) rams’ skins dyed red, sea cow hides, acacia wood,
  • Exodus 32:2 (v11) Aaron said to them, “Take off the golden rings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them to…
  • Exodus 35:22 (v11) They came, both men and women, as many as were willing-hearted, and brought brooches, earrings, signet rings, and armlets, all jewels of…
  • Leviticus 8:9 (v11) He set the turban on his head. He set the golden plate, the holy crown, on the front of the turban, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
  • Deuteronomy 4:32-38 (v14) For ask now of the days that are past, which were before you, since the day that God created man on the earth, and from the one end of the…
  • Deuteronomy 8:8 (v13) a land of wheat, barley, vines, fig trees, and pomegranates; a land of olive trees and honey;
  • Joshua 2:9-11 (v14) She said to the men, “I know that Yahweh has given you the land, and that the fear of you has fallen upon us, and that all the inhabitants…
  • Joshua 9:6-9 (v14) They went to Joshua at the camp at Gilgal, and said to him and to the men of Israel, “We have come from a far country. Now therefore make a…
  • Judges 8:24 (v11) Gideon said to them, “I do have a request: that you would each give me the earrings of his plunder.” (For they had golden earrings, because…
  • 1 Samuel 10:1 (v13) Then Samuel took the vial of oil, and poured it on his head, and kissed him, and said, “Hasn’t Yahweh anointed you to be prince over his…
  • 1 Samuel 12:12 (v13) “When you saw that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon came against you, you said to me, ‘No, but a king shall reign over us;’ when…
  • 2 Samuel 8:15 (v13) David reigned over all Israel; and David executed justice and righteousness for all his people.
  • 1 Kings 10:1-13 (v14) When the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning Yahweh’s name, she came to test him with hard questions. She came to…
  • 2 Chronicles 2:11-12 (v14) Then Huram the king of Tyre answered in writing, which he sent to Solomon, “Because Yahweh loves his people, he has made you king over…
  • 2 Chronicles 9:23 (v14) All the kings of the earth sought the presence of Solomon, to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart.
  • Ezra 4:20 (v13) There have also been mighty kings over Jerusalem, who have ruled over all the country beyond the River; and tribute, custom, and toll, was…
  • Ezra 5:11 (v13) Thus they returned us answer, saying, “We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and are building the house that was built these…
  • Esther 2:17 (v11) The king loved Esther more than all the women, and she obtained favor and kindness in his sight more than all the virgins; so that he set…
  • Job 42:11 (v11) Then came there to him all his brothers, and all his sisters, and all those who had been of his acquaintance before, and ate bread with him…
  • Psalms 51:7 (v9) Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean. Wash me, and I will be whiter than snow.
  • Psalms 81:16 (v13) But he would have also fed them with the finest of the wheat. I will satisfy you with honey out of the rock.”
  • Psalms 147:14 (v13) He makes peace in your borders. He fills you with the finest of the wheat.
  • Proverbs 4:9 (v11) She will give to your head a garland of grace. She will deliver a crown of splendor to you.”
  • Proverbs 25:12 (v11) As an earring of gold, and an ornament of fine gold, so is a wise reprover to an obedient ear.
  • Proverbs 31:22 (v10) She makes for herself carpets of tapestry. Her clothing is fine linen and purple.
  • Song of Solomon 1:10 (v11) Your cheeks are beautiful with earrings, your neck with strings of jewels.
  • Song of Solomon 4:9 (v11) You have ravished my heart, my sister, my bride. You have ravished my heart with one of your eyes, with one chain of your neck.
  • Isaiah 4:4 (v9) when the Lord shall have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion, and shall have purged the blood of Jerusalem from within it, by…
  • Isaiah 64:11 (v13) Our holy and our beautiful house where our fathers praised you is burned with fire. All our pleasant places are laid waste.
  • Jeremiah 13:20 (v13) Lift up your eyes, and see those who come from the north. Where is the flock that was given to you, your beautiful flock?
  • Lamentations 5:16 (v11) The crown has fallen from our head. Woe to us, for we have sinned!
  • Ezekiel 16:4 (v9) As for your birth, in the day you were born your navel was not cut. You weren’t washed in water to cleanse you. You weren’t salted at all,…
  • Ezekiel 16:7 (v10) I caused you to multiply as that which grows in the field, and you increased and grew great, and you attained to excellent ornament. Your…
  • Ezekiel 16:14-15 (v13) Your renown went out among the nations for your beauty; for it was perfect, through my majesty which I had put on you,” says the Lord…
  • Ezekiel 23:40 (v11) “Furthermore you sisters have sent for men who come from far away, to whom a messenger was sent, and behold, they came; for whom you washed…
  • Ezekiel 26:16 (v10) Then all the princes of the sea will come down from their thrones, and lay aside their robes, and strip off their embroidered garments.…
  • Ezekiel 27:7 (v10) Your sail was of fine linen with embroidered work from Egypt, that it might be to you for a banner. Blue and purple from the islands of…
  • Ezekiel 36:25 (v9) I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean. I will cleanse you from all your filthiness, and from all your idols.
  • Daniel 5:7 (v11) The king cried aloud to bring in the enchanters, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers. The king spoke and said to the wise men of Babylon,…
  • Daniel 5:16 (v11) But I have heard of you, that you can give interpretations, and dissolve doubts. Now if you can read the writing, and make known to me its…
  • Daniel 5:29 (v11) Then Belshazzar commanded, and they clothed Daniel with purple, and put a chain of gold about his neck, and made proclamation concerning…

100 distinct cross-references across this passage (119 total citations).

Cross-references from openbible.info (CC BY 4.0)

Explain this passage (18 sources)

Historical commentary, presented as a primary source — not an endorsement.

John Calvin 1540 · Public Domain On vv8, 9, 10, 13, 14 God now reproaches the Jews with his kindness towards…

God now reproaches the Jews with his kindness towards them, since he had clothed them in splendid ornaments, and yet they afterwards cast themselves into the vilest lusts, as we shall see. But we must remember that the Prophet is now speaking of the time of their liberation. But God says that he passed by again and saw the state of the people, — not that he had ever forgotten it. For we know that even when he dissembles and seems to shut his eyes and turn them from us or even to sleep, yet he is always anxious for our safety. And we have already said that there was need of his present power, that the people might prolong their lives, since if he had not breathed life into them, a hundred deaths would have immediately prevailed. But it is sufficiently common and customary to mark an open declaration of help by God’s aspect. When God appears so openly to deliver us that it may be comprehended by our senses, then he is said to look down upon us, to rise up, and to turn himself towards us. He passed by, then, near the people, namely, when he called Moses out of the desert and appointed him the minister of his favor, (Exodus 3,) he then saw his people, and proved by their trial that he had not utterly cast them away. I looked, then, and behold thy time, thy time of years. Here God speaks grossly, yet according to the people’s comprehension. For he personates a man struck with the beauty of a girl and offering her marriage. But God is not affected as men are, as we well know, so that it is not according to his nature to love as young men do. But such was the people’s stupidity, that they could not be usefully taught, unless the Prophet accommodated himself to their grossness. Add also that the people had been by no means lovely, unless God had embraced them by his kindness, so that his love depended on his good pleasure towards them. So by the time of loves, we ought to understand the complete time of their redemption, for God had determined to bring the people out of Egypt when he pleased, and that had been promised to Abraham: after four hundred years I will be their avenger. (Genesis 15:13, 14; Acts 7:6, 7,) We see, then, that the years were previously fixed in which God would redeem the people. He now compares that union to a marriage. Hence if God would bind his people to himself by a marriage, so also he would pledge himself to conjugal fidelity. But I cannot proceed further — I must leave the rest till tomorrow.

John Calvin's Commentaries (1540-1563) — public domain. Text from the Calvin Translation Society English edition (1840s-50s) via the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (ccel.org). Calvin's coverage is partial (roughly two-thirds of the Bible); uncommented books and verses are honest gaps, never fabricated. The 19th-century editor's footnotes and remarks are omitted so the notes are faithfully Calvin's own voice.

Geneva Bible translators 1599 · Public Domain On vv8, 9, 12, 14 That thou shouldest be a chaste wife unto me,…
John Trapp 1656 · Public Domain On vv8–14 Eze 16:8 Now when I passed by thee, and…
Matthew Poole 1685 · Public Domain On vv8–14 When I passed by thee: see Eze 16:6, of…
John Gill 1763 · Public Domain On vv8–14 Then washed I thee with water,.... Brought the Israelites…
John Wesley 1765 · Public Domain On vv8, 9, 10, 11, 14 When I passed - This second passing by, may…
Adam Clarke 1810 · Public Domain On vv8, 10, 12, 13 Verse 8. Was the time of love] Thou wast…
Joseph Benson 1811 · Public Domain On vv8, 13 Eze 16:8-12. Now when I passed by thee, &c.…
Albert Barnes 1834 · Public Domain On vv8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14 Now when ... - Or, Then I passed by…
Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary 1859 · Public Domain On vv8, 9, 10, 12, 13 Lovers. Hebrew dodim, "breasts, (Haydock) or espousals;" (Aquila) "loving."…
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown 1871 · Public Domain On vv8–14 thy time of love--literally, "loves" (compare Sol 2:10-13). Thou…
Daniel D. Whedon 1874 · Public Domain On vv8, 9, 12, 13, 14 8. Spread my skirt — The customary symbol for…
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges 1878 · Public Domain On vv8–14 8–14. The child, now an adult virgin, taken to…
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain On vv8–12 (8) Now when I passed by thee.—Here, as in…
The Pulpit Commentary 1880 · Public Domain On vv8–14 The words point to the time of the love…
The Biblical Illustrator 1887 · Public Domain On vv8, 10 Yea, I sware unto thee, and entered into a…
unfoldingWord translationNotes 2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On vv8, 9, 13 General Information:
Tyndale Open Study Notes 2022 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On vv8, 9, 11 16:8 At this time, the Lord wrapped his cloak…
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