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Galatians 3:1-3

Foolish Galatians, who has bewitched you not to obey the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ was openly portrayed among you as crucified? I just want to learn this from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by hearing of faith? Are you so foolish? Having begun in the Spirit, are you now completed in the flesh?

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Foolish Galatians, who has bewitched you not to obey the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ was openly portrayed among you as crucified? I just want to learn this from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by hearing of faith? Are you so foolish? Having begun in the Spirit, are you now completed in the flesh? Did you suffer so many things in vain, if it is indeed in vain? He therefore who supplies the Spirit to you and does miracles among you, does he do it by the works of the law, or by hearing of faith? Even as Abraham “believed God, and it was counted to him for righteousness.” Know therefore that those who are of faith are children of Abraham. The Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the Good News beforehand to Abraham, saying, “In you all the nations will be blessed.” So then, those who are of faith are blessed with the faithful Abraham. For as many as are of the works of the law are under a curse. For it is written, “Cursed is everyone who doesn’t continue in all things that are written in the book of the law, to do them.” Now that no man is justified by the law before God is evident, for, “The righteous will live by faith.” The law is not of faith, but, “The man who does them will live by them.”

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Parallel Translations

  • WEB World English Bible

    Foolish Galatians, who has bewitched you not to obey the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ was openly portrayed among you as crucified?

    I just want to learn this from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by hearing of faith?

    Are you so foolish? Having begun in the Spirit, are you now completed in the flesh?

  • TYNDALE Tyndale New Testament (1534)

    O folisshe Galathyas: who hath bewitched you that ye shuld not beleve the trueth? To whom Iesus Christ was described before the eyes and amonge you crucified.

    This only wolde I learne of you: receaved ye the sprete by the dedes of the lawe or els by preachinge of the faith?

    Are ye so vnwyse that after ye have begonne in the sprete the wolde nowe ende in the flesshe?

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  • GNV Geneva Bible (1599)

    O foolish Galatians, who hath bewitched you, that ye should not obey the trueth, to whome Iesus Christ before was described in your sight, and among you crucified?

    This only would I learne of you, Receiued ye the Spirit by the workes of the Lawe, or by the hearing of faith preached?

    Are ye so foolish, that after ye haue begun in the Spirit, ye would now be made perfect by the flesh?

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Cross-references (53)

  • Romans 10:16-17 (v2) But they didn’t all listen to the glad news. For Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our report?” So faith comes by hearing, and hearing…
  • Galatians 5:7-8 (v1) You were running well! Who interfered with you that you should not obey the truth? This persuasion is not from him who calls you.
  • Galatians 3:14 (v2) that the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Christ Jesus, that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.
  • Galatians 5:4-8 (v3) You are alienated from Christ, you who desire to be justified by the law. You have fallen away from grace. For we, through the Spirit, by…
  • Acts 15:8 (v2) God, who knows the heart, testified about them, giving them the Holy Spirit, just like he did to us.
Show all 53 cross-references
  • Ephesians 1:13-14 (v2) In him you also, having heard the word of the truth, the Good News of your salvation—in whom, having also believed, you were sealed with…
  • 2 Corinthians 11:3 (v1) But I am afraid that somehow, as the serpent deceived Eve in his craftiness, so your minds might be corrupted from the simplicity that is…
  • Galatians 3:5 (v2) He therefore who supplies the Spirit to you and does miracles among you, does he do it by the works of the law, or by hearing of faith?
  • Galatians 4:7-10 (v3) So you are no longer a bondservant, but a son; and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ. However at that time, not knowing God, you…
  • Galatians 1:6 (v1) I marvel that you are so quickly deserting him who called you in the grace of Christ to a different “good news”,
  • Revelation 2:20 (v1) But I have this against you, that you tolerate your woman, Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess. She teaches and seduces my servants to…
  • Galatians 3:3 (v1) Are you so foolish? Having begun in the Spirit, are you now completed in the flesh?
  • Galatians 4:9 (v1) But now that you have come to know God, or rather to be known by God, why do you turn back again to the weak and miserable elemental…
  • Hebrews 11:8 (v1) By faith, Abraham, when he was called, obeyed to go out to the place which he was to receive for an inheritance. He went out, not knowing…
  • 1 Peter 4:17 (v1) For the time has come for judgment to begin with the household of God. If it begins first with us, what will happen to those who don’t obey…
  • Ephesians 4:14 (v1) that we may no longer be children, tossed back and forth and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of men, in…
  • 1 Peter 1:22 (v1) Seeing you have purified your souls in your obedience to the truth through the Spirit in sincere brotherly affection, love one another from…
  • 2 Peter 2:18 (v1) For, uttering great swelling words of emptiness, they entice in the lusts of the flesh, by licentiousness, those who are indeed escaping…
  • Ephesians 5:15 (v1) Therefore watch carefully how you walk, not as unwise, but as wise,
  • Hebrews 5:9 (v1) Having been made perfect, he became to all of those who obey him the author of eternal salvation,
  • Acts 8:15 (v2) who, when they had come down, prayed for them, that they might receive the Holy Spirit;
  • Hebrews 2:4 (v2) God also testifying with them, both by signs and wonders, by various works of power and by gifts of the Holy Spirit, according to his own…
  • Hebrews 7:16-19 (v3) who has been made, not after the law of a fleshly commandment, but after the power of an endless life; for it is testified, “You are a…
  • Revelation 13:13-14 (v1) He performs great signs, even making fire come down out of the sky to the earth in the sight of people. He deceives my own people who dwell…
  • Acts 2:38 (v2) Peter said to them, “Repent, and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of sins, and you will…
  • Acts 6:7 (v1) The word of God increased and the number of the disciples greatly multiplied in Jerusalem. A great company of the priests were obedient to…
  • Acts 19:2-6 (v2) He said to them, “Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you believed?” They said to him, “No, we haven’t even heard that there is a Holy…
  • Romans 6:17 (v1) But thanks be to God, that, whereas you were bondservants of sin, you became obedient from the heart to that form of teaching to which you…
  • 1 Corinthians 2:2 (v1) For I determined not to know anything among you except Jesus Christ and him crucified.
  • 1 Corinthians 11:26 (v1) For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes.
  • 2 Corinthians 11:13-15 (v1) For such men are false apostles, deceitful workers, masquerading as Christ’s apostles. And no wonder, for even Satan masquerades as an…
  • Galatians 2:14 (v1) But when I saw that they didn’t walk uprightly according to the truth of the Good News, I said to Peter before them all, “If you, being a…
  • 2 Thessalonians 2:9-12 (v1) even he whose coming is according to the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders, and with all deception of wickedness…
  • 1 Timothy 6:4 (v1) he is conceited, knowing nothing, but obsessed with arguments, disputes, and word battles, from which come envy, strife, insulting, evil…
  • 1 Samuel 13:13 (v1) Samuel said to Saul, “You have done foolishly. You have not kept the commandment of Yahweh your God, which he commanded you; for now Yahweh…
  • Acts 10:44-47 (v2) While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all those who heard the word. They of the circumcision who believed…
  • Romans 2:8 (v1) but to those who are self-seeking, and don’t obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, will be wrath, indignation,
  • 2 Corinthians 10:5 (v1) throwing down imaginations and every high thing that is exalted against the knowledge of God and bringing every thought into captivity to…
  • Ephesians 3:8 (v1) To me, the very least of all saints, was this grace given, to preach to the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ,
  • Hebrews 9:9-10 (v3) This is a symbol of the present age, where gifts and sacrifices are offered that are incapable, concerning the conscience, of making the…
  • Revelation 18:3 (v1) For all the nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her sexual immorality, the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality with…
  • Acts 8:9-11 (v1) But there was a certain man, Simon by name, who used to practice sorcery in the city and amazed the people of Samaria, making himself out…
  • Acts 11:15-18 (v2) As I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell on them, even as on us at the beginning. I remembered the word of the Lord, how he said, ‘John…
  • Romans 10:16 (v1) But they didn’t all listen to the glad news. For Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our report?”
  • 1 Corinthians 1:23-24 (v1) but we preach Christ crucified: a stumbling block to Jews, and foolishness to Greeks, but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks,…
  • Galatians 6:12-14 (v3) As many as desire to make a good impression in the flesh compel you to be circumcised; just so they may not be persecuted for the cross of…
  • 2 Thessalonians 1:8 (v1) punishing those who don’t know God, and to those who don’t obey the Good News of our Lord Jesus,
  • Deuteronomy 32:6 (v1) Is this the way you repay Yahweh, foolish and unwise people? Isn’t he your father who has bought you? He has made you and established you.
  • Matthew 7:26 (v1) Everyone who hears these words of mine, and doesn’t do them will be like a foolish man, who built his house on the sand.
  • Matthew 24:24 (v1) For there will arise false christs, and false prophets, and they will show great signs and wonders, so as to lead astray, if possible, even…
  • Luke 24:25 (v1) He said to them, “Foolish men, and slow of heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken!
  • Romans 1:17 (v2) For in it is revealed God’s righteousness from faith to faith. As it is written, “But the righteous shall live by faith.”
  • Hebrews 6:4 (v2) For concerning those who were once enlightened and tasted of the heavenly gift, and were made partakers of the Holy Spirit,

Cross-references from openbible.info (CC BY 4.0)

Explain this passage (34 sources)

Historical commentary, presented as a primary source — not an endorsement.

Martin Luther 1535 · Public Domain On vv1–3 VERSE 1. O foolish Galatians.

VERSE 1. O foolish Galatians.

The Apostle Paul manifests his apostolic care for the Galatians. Sometimes he entreats them, then again he reproaches them, in accordance with his own advice to Timothy: "Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort."

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In the midst of his discourse on Christian righteousness Paul breaks off, and turns to address the Galatians. "O foolish Galatians," he cries. "I have brought you the true Gospel, and you received it with eagerness and gratitude. Now all of a sudden you drop the Gospel. What has got into you?"

Paul reproves the Galatians rather sharply when he calls them "fools, bewitched, and disobedient." Whether he is indignant or sorry, I cannot say. He may be both. It is the duty of a Christian pastor to reprove the people committed to his charge. Of course, his anger must not flow from malice, but from affection and a real zeal for Christ.

There is no question that Paul is disappointed. It hurts him to think that his Galatians showed so little stability. We can hear him say: "I am sorry to hear of your troubles, and disappointed in you for the disgraceful part you played." I say rather much on this point to save Paul from the charge that he railed upon the churches, contrary to the spirit of the Gospel.

A certain distance and coolness can be noted in the title with which the Apostle addresses the Galatians. He does not now address them as his brethren, as he usually does. He addresses them as Galatians in order to remind them of their national trait to be foolish.

We have here an example of bad traits that often cling to individual Christians and entire congregations. Grace does not suddenly transform a Christian into a new and perfect creature. Dregs of the old and natural corruption remain. The Spirit of God cannot at once overcome human deficiency. Sanctification takes time.

Although the Galatians had been enlightened by the Holy Spirit through the preaching of faith, something of their national trait of foolishness plus their original depravity clung to them. Let no man think that once he has received faith, he can presently be converted into a faultless creature. The leavings of old vices will stick to him, be he ever so good a Christian.

VERSE 1. Who hath bewitched you, that ye should not obey the truth?

Paul calls the Galatians foolish and bewitched. In the fifth chapter he mentions sorcery among the works of the flesh, declaring that witchcraft and sorcery are real manifestations and legitimate activities of the devil. We are all exposed to the influence of the devil, because he is the prince and god of the world in which we live.

Satan is clever. He does not only bewitch men in a crude manner, but also in a more artful fashion. He bedevils the minds of men with hideous fallacies. Not only is he able to deceive the self-assured, but even those who profess the true Christian faith. There is not one among us who is not at times seduced by Satan into false beliefs.

This accounts for the many new battles we have to wage nowadays. But the attacks of the old Serpent are not without profit to us, for they confirm our doctrine and strengthen our faith in Christ. Many a time we were wrestled down in these conflicts with Satan, but Christ has always triumphed and always will triumph. Do not think that the Galatians were the only ones to be bewitched by the devil. Let us realize that we too may be seduced by Satan.

VERSE 1. Who hath bewitched you?

In this sentence Paul excuses the Galatians, while he blames the false apostles for the apostasy of the Galatians.

As if he were saying: "I know your defection was not willful. The devil sent the false apostles to you, and they tallied you into believing that you are justified by the Law. With this our epistle we endeavor to undo the damage which the false apostles have inflicted upon you."

Like Paul, we struggle with the Word of God against the fanatical Anabaptists of our day; and our efforts are not entirely in vain. The trouble is there are many who refuse to be instructed. They will not listen to reason; they will not listen to the Scriptures, because they are bewitched by the tricky devil who can make a lie look like the truth.

Since the devil has this uncanny ability to make us believe a lie until we would swear a thousand times it were the truth, we must not be proud, but walk in fear and humility, and call upon the Lord Jesus to save us from temptation.

Although I am a doctor of divinity, and have preached Christ and fought His battles for a long time, I know from personal experience how difficult it is to hold fast to the truth. I cannot always shake off Satan. I cannot always apprehend Christ as the Scriptures portray Him. Sometimes the devil distorts Christ to my vision. But thanks be to God, who keeps us in His Word, in faith, and in prayer.

The spiritual witchery of the devil creates in the heart a wrong idea of Christ. Those who share the opinion that a person is justified by the works of the Law, are simply bewitched. Their belief goes against faith and Christ.

VERSE 1. That ye should not obey the truth.

Paul incriminates the Galatians in worse failure. "You are so bewitched that you no longer obey the truth. I fear many of you have strayed so far that you will never return to the truth."

The apostasy of the Galatians is a fine indorsement of the Law, all right. You may preach the Law ever so fervently; if the preaching of the Gospel does not accompany it, the Law will never produce true conversion and heartfelt repentance. We do not mean to say that the preaching of the Law is without value, but it only serves to bring home to us the wrath of God. The Law bows a person down. It takes the Gospel and the preaching of faith in Christ to raise and save a person.

VERSE 1. Before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth.

Paul’s increasing severity becomes apparent as he reminds the Galatians that they disobeyed the truth in defiance of the vivid description he had given them of Christ. So vividly had he described Christ to them that they could almost see and handle Him. As if Paul were to say: "No artist with all his colors could have pictured Christ to you as vividly as I have pictured Him to you by my preaching. Yet you permitted yourselves to be seduced to the extent that you disobeyed the truth of Christ."

VERSE 1. Crucifed among you.

"You have not only rejected the grace of God, you have shamefully crucified Christ among you." Paul employs the same phraseology in Heb 6:6 : "Seeing they crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh, and put him to an open shame."

It should make any person afraid to hear Paul say that those who seek to be justified by the Law, not only deny Christ, but also crucify Him anew. If those who seek to be justified by the Law and its works are crucifiers of Christ, what are they, I like to know, who seek salvation by the filthy rags of their own work-righteousness?

Can there be anything more horrible than the papacy, an alliance of people who crucify Christ in themselves, in the Church, and in the hearts of the believers?

Of all the diseased and vicious doctrines of the papacy the worst is this: "If you want to serve God you must earn your own remission of sins and everlasting life, and in addition help others to obtain salvation by giving them the benefit of your extra work-holiness." Monks, friars, and all the rest of them brag that besides the ordinary requirements common to all Christians, they do the works of supererogation, i.e., the performance of more than is required. This is certainly a fiendish illusion.

No wonder Paul employs such sharp language in his effort to recall the Galatians from the doctrine of the false apostles. He says to them: "Don’t you realize what you have done? You have crucified Christ anew because you seek salvation by the Law."

True, Christ can no longer be crucified in person, but He is crucified in us when we reject grace, faith, free remission of sins and endeavor to be justified by our own works, or by the works of the Law.

The Apostle is incensed at the presumptuousness of any person who thinks he can perform the Law of God to his own salvation. He charges that person with the atrocity of crucifying anew the Son of God.

Martin Luther — Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians (1535), English translation by Theodore Graebner (Zondervan, 1939) — public domain (U.S. copyright not renewed). Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Calvin 1540 · Public Domain On vv1–3 1. O foolish Galatians. An expostulation is here interwoven…
Geneva Bible translators 1599 · Public Domain On vv1–3 The third reason or argument taken of those gifts…
John Trapp 1656 · Public Domain On vv1–3 1 O foolish Galatians, who hath bewitched you, that…
Matthew Poole 1685 · Public Domain On vv1–3 O foolish Galatians, who hath bewitched you? The apostle…
William Burkitt 1703 · Public Domain On vv1–3 Observe here, 1. The object of the apostle’s sharp…
Matthew Henry 1710 · Public Domain On v1 The apostle is here dealing with those who, having…
John Gill 1763 · Public Domain On vv1–3 O foolish Galatians,.... Referring not to any national character,…
John Wesley 1765 · Public Domain On vv1–3 O thoughtless Galatians - He breaks in upon them…
Adam Clarke 1810 · Public Domain On vv1–3 The apostle inquires how they could be so foolish…
Joseph Benson 1811 · Public Domain On vv1–2 Gal 3:1. St Paul having, by many arguments, proved…
Albert Barnes 1834 · Public Domain On vv1–3 O foolish Galatians - That is, foolish for having…
Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary 1859 · Public Domain On vv1–2 Before whose eyes Jesus Christ....crucified among you.[1] The common…
John Nelson Darby 1862 · Public Domain On v1 Galatians Chapter 3
Lange's Commentary on the Holy Scriptures 1864 · Public Domain On v1 Paul opposes the LEGAL VIEW itself, which through the…
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown 1871 · Public Domain On vv2–3 "Was it by the works of the law that…
Daniel D. Whedon 1874 · Public Domain On vv1–3 BIBLICAL ESTABLISHMENT OF FAITH-JUSTIFICATION THROUGH CHRIST, Gal_3:1 to Gal_4:31.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges 1878 · Public Domain On vv1–3 Ch. Gal_3:1-9. Justification by Faith, the dispensation of the…
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain On vv1–3 (1) Foolish.—The same word as that which is used…
The Pulpit Commentary 1880 · Public Domain On vv1–3 O foolish Galatians (w ajnohtoi Galatai). In thus apostrophizing…
The Biblical Illustrator 1887 · Public Domain On vv1–3 O foolish Galatians, who hath bewitched you?
The Expositor's Bible 1887 · Public Domain On v1 Chapter 11
B. W. Johnson 1891 · Public Domain On vv1–3 1–5. Who hath bewitched you? That they, Gentiles, instructed…
The Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary 1892 · Public Domain On v1 Gal_3:1. Who hath bewitched you?—Fascinated you, as if overlooked…
The Sermon Bible 1900 · Public Domain On v1 Gal 3:7-9
F. W. Grant 1903 · Public Domain On v1 Division 2. (Gal 3:1-29.)
Alexander MacLaren 1905 · Public Domain On v1
J. R. Dummelow 1909 · Public Domain On v1 Justification is by Faith, not Works
J. W. McGarvey 1914 · Public Domain On vv1–3 O foolish Galatians, who did bewitch you, before whose…
C. I. Scofield 1917 · Public Domain On vv1, 3 grace Grace (in salvation). vs. Gal 5:4; Rom 3:24.…
Arno C. Gaebelein 1922 · Public Domain On v1 1. The gift of the Spirit not by the…
Paul E. Kretzmann 1924 · Public Domain On v1 Salvation Is Not of Works, but by Faith.
unfoldingWord translationNotes 2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On v1 Connecting Statement:
Tyndale Open Study Notes 2022 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On vv1–3 3:1–5:12 Paul now defends the truth of his message—that…
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