These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz, chief Korah, chief Gatam, chief Amalek. These are the chiefs who came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom. These are the sons of Adah.
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Genesis 36:15-16 sits inside this longer paragraph.
These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz, chief Korah, chief Gatam, chief Amalek. These are the chiefs who came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom. These are the sons of Adah. These are the sons of Reuel, Esau’s son: chief Nahath, chief Zerah, chief Shammah, chief Mizzah. These are the chiefs who came of Reuel in the land of Edom. These are the sons of Basemath, Esau’s wife. These are the sons of Oholibamah, Esau’s wife: chief Jeush, chief Jalam, chief Korah. These are the chiefs who came of Oholibamah the daughter of Anah, Esau’s wife. These are the sons of Esau (that is, Edom), and these are their chiefs.
Parallel Translations
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These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,
chief Korah, chief Gatam, chief Amalek. These are the chiefs who came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom. These are the sons of Adah.
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These were dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn son of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kenaz,
Duke Korah, duke Gatam, and duke Amalek: these are the dukes that came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these were the sons of Adah.
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These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the first-born of Esau: the chief of Teman, the chief of Omar, the chief of Zepho, the chief of Kenaz,
the chief of Korah, the chief of Gatam, the chief of Amalek. These are the chiefs that came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom. These are the sons of Adah.
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Contradictions (1)
Questions where the Bible appears to say two different things, with the passages on each side set together.
Cross-references (18)
- Obadiah 1:9 (v15) Your mighty men, Teman, will be dismayed, to the end that everyone may be cut off from the mountain of Esau by slaughter.
- Genesis 36:11-12 (v15) The sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and Kenaz. Timna was concubine to Eliphaz, Esau’s son; and she bore to Eliphaz…
- Job 2:11 (v15) Now when Job’s three friends heard of all this evil that had come on him, they each came from his own place: Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad…
- Exodus 15:15 (vv15–16) Then the chiefs of Edom were dismayed. Trembling takes hold of the mighty men of Moab. All the inhabitants of Canaan have melted away.
- Genesis 36:4 (v15) Adah bore to Esau Eliphaz. Basemath bore Reuel.
Show all 17 cross-references
- Genesis 36:18 (v15) These are the sons of Oholibamah, Esau’s wife: chief Jeush, chief Jalam, chief Korah. These are the chiefs who came of Oholibamah the…
- 1 Chronicles 1:35-36 (v15) The sons of Esau: Eliphaz, Reuel, Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. The sons of Eliphaz: Teman, Omar, Zephi, Gatam, Kenaz, Timna, and Amalek.
- 1 Chronicles 1:45 (v15) Jobab died, and Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place.
- 1 Chronicles 1:51-54 (v15) Then Hadad died. The chiefs of Edom were: chief Timna, chief Aliah, chief Jetheth, chief Oholibamah, chief Elah, chief Pinon, chief Kenaz,…
- Job 4:1 (v15) Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered,
- Job 21:8 (v15) Their child is established with them in their sight, their offspring before their eyes.
- Psalms 37:35 (v15) I have seen the wicked in great power, spreading himself like a green tree in its native soil.
- Jeremiah 49:7 (v15) Of Edom, Yahweh of Armies says: “Is wisdom no more in Teman? Has counsel perished from the prudent? Has their wisdom vanished?
- Jeremiah 49:20 (v15) Therefore hear the counsel of Yahweh, that he has taken against Edom; and his purposes, that he has purposed against the inhabitants of…
- Ezekiel 25:13 (v15) therefore the Lord Yahweh says, “I will stretch out my hand on Edom, and will cut off man and animal from it; and I will make it desolate…
- Amos 1:12 (v15) but I will send a fire on Teman, and it will devour the palaces of Bozrah.”
- Habakkuk 3:3 (v15) God came from Teman, the Holy One from Mount Paran. His glory covered the heavens, and his praise filled the earth.
17 distinct cross-references across this passage (18 total citations).
Cross-references from openbible.info (CC BY 4.0)
Explain this passage (13 sources)
Historical commentary, presented as a primary source — not an endorsement.
Private notes
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Geneva Bible translators 1599 · Public Domain On vv15–16 Or, chief men.
Or, chief men.
If God’s promises be so sure towards them which are not of his household, how much more will he perform the same to us?
Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain.
Matthew Poole 1685 · Public Domain On vv15–16 These were dukes, princes or heads of their several…
1715
These were dukes, princes or heads of their several families and little principalities, according to the manner of those times, who ruled their dominions, either severally, each his own, or jointly, by common advice, or it may be under one chief prince, their superior either in title or in power. And in this division Eliphaz, as he was Esau’s first-born, so he had more than a double portion, his six sons being made dukes, as Esau’s immediate sons were. Compare 1Ch 5:1.
Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
John Gill 1763 · Public Domain On vv15–16 And these are the sons of Reuel.... See Gill…
And these are the sons of Reuel.... See Gill on Gen 36:15.
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Genesis 36:18
gen 36:18
gen 36:18
gen 36:18And these are the sons of Aholibamah Esua's wife;.... See Gill on Gen 36:15.
John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
Adam Clarke 1810 · Public Domain On vv15–16 Verse 15. Dukes of the sons of Esau] The…
Verse 15. Dukes of the sons of Esau] The word duke comes from the Latin dux, a captain or leader. The Hebrew אלוף alluph has the same signification; and as it is also the term for a thousand, which is a grand capital or leading number, probably the אלופי alluphey or dukes had this name from being leaders of or captains over a company of one thousand men; just as those among the Greeks called chiliarchs, which signifies the same; and as the Romans called those centurions who were captains over one hundred men, from the Latin word centum, which signifies a hundred The ducal government was that which prevailed first among the Idumeans, or descendants of Esau. Here fourteen dukes are reckoned to Esau, seven that came of his wife, Adah, four of Bashemath, and three of Aholibamah.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary 1859 · Public Domain On vv15–16 Hebrew Aluph, prince of a tribe, or of a…
Hebrew Aluph, prince of a tribe, or of a thousand; a Chiliarch. Zach. v. 2[Zacharias v. 2.?]. The Rabbin assert they wore not a crown, as the kings did. (Calmet) --- Both obtained their authority by election. An aristocracy prevailed under the dukes. (Menochius)
George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown 1871 · Public Domain On v15 dukes--The Edomites, like the Israelites, were divided into tribes,…
dukes--The Edomites, like the Israelites, were divided into tribes, which took their names from his sons. The head of each tribe was called by a term which in our version is rendered "duke"--not of the high rank and wealth of a British peer, but like the sheiks or emirs of the modern East, or the chieftains of highland clans. Fourteen are mentioned who flourished contemporaneously.
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
Daniel D. Whedon 1874 · Public Domain On v15 THE DUKES OF ESAU, Gen_36:15-19.
THE DUKES OF ESAU, Gen_36:15-19.
Here the chief tribe-fathers of the Edomites are named again, under the title of dukes, Hebrews, alluphim, (אלופים,) phylarchs, chiefs, or princes. These were all military chieftains, great patriarchal sheiks, who were celebrated by their descendants not merely as fathers but as heroes. As being merely a presentation of the same persons under a different title, they are omitted from the list in 1 Chronicles which proceeds with the sons of Seir.
Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges 1878 · Public Domain On vv15–16 15–19. The Tribal Chiefs of Esau
15–19. The Tribal Chiefs of Esau
15. the dukes] Better, as marg., chiefs. The word “duke” has been introduced into the English version from the Lat. dux which translates the LXX ἡγεμών. The Heb. allûph is connected with eleph = 1000, or “a clan”; and hence is used for “the chieftain of a clan,” or “a chiliarch,” especially in Edom: cf. Exo_15:15; Zec_9:7; Zec_12:5-6.
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“Duke,” in Old English, was not limited to the highest rank of nobility. It meant “leader” or “chief.” Cf. Wiclif, Matt. ii. 6, “And thou Bethleem … for of thee a duyk shall go out”; Latimer, Serm., p. 31, “Gideon a duke which God raised up.”
duke Teman] A better idea would be conveyed to English readers, if the rendering were “the chieftain of Teman, of Omar, &c.”
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain On vv15–16 (15) Dukes.—Duke is the Latin word dux, a leader;…
(15) Dukes.—Duke is the Latin word dux, a leader; but the Hebrew word alluph signifies a tribal prince, It is derived from eleph, a thousand, used in much the same way as the word hundred with us for a division of the country. Probably it was one large enough to have in it a thousand grown men, whereas a hundred in Saxon times was a district in which there were a hundred homesteads. For this use of it, see Mic_5:2. Each alluph, therefore, would be the prince of one of these districts, assigned to him as the possession of himself and his seed.
A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Pulpit Commentary 1880 · Public Domain On v15 Vers. 15, 16. These were dukes of the sons…
Vers. 15, 16. These were dukes of the sons of Esau. The probably from pla; to be familiar, whence to join together, or associate, were Edomite and Horite phylarchs or tribe-leaders, hJgemonev, (LXX), chieftains of a thousand men (Gerlach). At a later period the term came to be applied to the Jewish chiefs or governors of the Restoration. (Zec_9:7 Zec_12:5) The sons of Eliphaz the firstborn son of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kemaz (vide on ver. 11), duke Korah, inserted here probably by clerical error from ver. 18 (Kennicott, Tuch, Knobel, Delitzsch, Keil, Murphy, Quarry), and accordingly omitted in the Samaritan Pentateuch and Version, though still retained by Onkelos and the LXX, and on the hypothesis of its genuineness explained by some as the name of a nephew of Eliphaz (Junius); of a son by another mother (Ainsworth); of a son of Korah (ver. 18) by the widow of Timua, (1Ch_1:36) who, having died without issue, left his wife to his brother (Michaelis); of some descendant of Eliphaz by intermarriage who subsequently rose to be the head of a clan (Kalisch), duke Gatam (vide ver. 11), and duke Amalek (vide ver. 12): these are the dukes that came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these were the sons of Adah.
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Paul E. Kretzmann 1924 · Public Domain On v15 The Dukes of the House of Esau
The Dukes of the House of Esau
v. 15. These were dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz, the first-born son of Esau: Duke Teman, Duke Omar, Duke Zepho, Duke Kenaz,
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v. 16. Duke Korah, Duke Gatam, and Duke Amalek; these are the dukes that came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these were the sons of Adah. Fully half the Edomite princes were thus the descendants of Adah, the Hivite, or, in a wider sense, the Hittite woman.
v. 17. And these are the sons of Reuel, Esau’s son: Duke Nahath, Duke Zerah, Duke Shammah, Duke Mizzah; these are the dukes that came of Reuel in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Bashemath, Esau’s wife, in whose descendants the strains of Ishmael and of Esau were mingled.
v. 18. And these are the sons of Aholibamah, Esau’s wife: Duke Jeush, Duke Jaalam, Duke Korah; these were the dukes that came of Aholibamah, the daughter of Anah, Esau’s wife.
v. 19. These are the sons of Esau, who is Edom, and these are their dukes. The descendants of these desert princes established themselves geographically within more or less fixed limits as bands or tribes.
Paul E. Kretzmann, Popular Commentary of the Bible (1921–1924) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
unfoldingWord translationNotes 2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On v15 This is the name of one of Esau's sons.…
Eliphaz
This is the name of one of Esau's sons. See how you translated his name in Genesis 36:4. (See: How to Translate Names)
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Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz, Korah, Gatam, and Amalek
These are names of Eliphaz's sons. (See: How to Translate Names)
Adah
This is the name of one of Esau's wives. See how you translated her name in Genesis 36:2-3. (See: How to Translate Names)
translationWords
clan
Esau
descend
firstborn
Edom
unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.
Tyndale Open Study Notes 2022 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On v15 36:15-19 Thirteen of Esau’s descendants had positions as leaders…
36:15-19 Thirteen of Esau’s descendants had positions as leaders of various clans. A picture begins to emerge of Esau as a grand overlord of tribes (cp. 36:40-43).
Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.