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Hebrews 3:17-19

With whom was he displeased forty years? Wasn’t it with those who sinned, whose bodies fell in the wilderness? To whom did he swear that they wouldn’t enter into his rest, but to those who were disobedient? We see that they weren’t able to enter in because of unbelief.

World English Bible · Public Domain
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Hebrews 3:17-19 sits inside this longer paragraph.

For who, when they heard, rebelled? Wasn’t it all those who came out of Egypt led by Moses? With whom was he displeased forty years? Wasn’t it with those who sinned, whose bodies fell in the wilderness? To whom did he swear that they wouldn’t enter into his rest, but to those who were disobedient? We see that they weren’t able to enter in because of unbelief.

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Parallel Translations

  • WEB World English Bible

    With whom was he displeased forty years? Wasn’t it with those who sinned, whose bodies fell in the wilderness?

    To whom did he swear that they wouldn’t enter into his rest, but to those who were disobedient?

    We see that they weren’t able to enter in because of unbelief.

  • TYNDALE Tyndale New Testament (1534)

    But with who was he despleased.xl. yeares? Was he not displeased with them that synned: whose carkases were overthorwen in the desert?

    To whom sware he that they shuld not enter into his rest: but vnto them that beleved not?

    And we se that they coulde not enter in because of vnbeleve.

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  • GNV Geneva Bible (1599)

    But with whome was he displeased fourtie yeeres? Was hee not displeased with them that sinned, whose carkeises fell in the wildernes?

    And to whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but vnto them that obeyed not?

    So we see that they could not enter in, because of vnbeliefe.

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Cross-references (25)

  • Jude 1:5 (vv17, 19) Now I desire to remind you, though you already know this, that the Lord, having saved a people out of the land of Egypt, afterward…
  • Numbers 14:29 (v17) Your dead bodies shall fall in this wilderness; and all who were counted of you, according to your whole number, from twenty years old and…
  • John 3:36 (v19) One who believes in the Son has eternal life, but one who disobeys the Son won’t see life, but the wrath of God remains on him.”
  • Hebrews 4:6 (v18) Seeing therefore it remains that some should enter into it, and they to whom the good news was preached before failed to enter in because…
  • Numbers 14:30 (v18) surely you shall not come into the land concerning which I swore that I would make you dwell therein, except Caleb the son of Jephunneh,…
Show all 24 cross-references
  • Deuteronomy 1:34-35 (v18) Yahweh heard the voice of your words and was angry, and swore, saying, “Surely not one of these men of this evil generation shall see the…
  • Numbers 14:22 (v17) because all those men who have seen my glory, and my signs, which I worked in Egypt and in the wilderness, yet have tempted me these ten…
  • Numbers 14:32-33 (v17) But as for you, your dead bodies shall fall in this wilderness. Your children shall be wanderers in the wilderness forty years, and shall…
  • Numbers 26:64-65 (v17) But among these there was not a man of them who were counted by Moses and Aaron the priest, who counted the children of Israel in the…
  • Psalms 106:24-26 (v18) Yes, they despised the pleasant land. They didn’t believe his word, but murmured in their tents, and didn’t listen to Yahweh’s voice.…
  • Mark 16:16 (v19) He who believes and is baptized will be saved; but he who disbelieves will be condemned.
  • John 3:18 (v19) He who believes in him is not judged. He who doesn’t believe has been judged already, because he has not believed in the name of the one…
  • Numbers 20:12 (v18) Yahweh said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you didn’t believe in me, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore you…
  • Deuteronomy 1:26-32 (v18) Yet you wouldn’t go up, but rebelled against the commandment of Yahweh your God. You murmured in your tents, and said, “Because Yahweh…
  • Deuteronomy 2:15-16 (v17) Moreover Yahweh’s hand was against them, to destroy them from the middle of the camp, until they were consumed. So, when all the men of war…
  • Numbers 14:11 (v18) Yahweh said to Moses, “How long will this people despise me? and how long will they not believe in me, for all the signs which I have…
  • Deuteronomy 9:23 (v18) When Yahweh sent you from Kadesh Barnea, saying, “Go up and possess the land which I have given you,” you rebelled against the commandment…
  • Hebrews 3:11 (v18) As I swore in my wrath, ‘They will not enter into my rest.’ ”
  • Hebrews 4:2 (v18) For indeed we have had good news preached to us, even as they also did, but the word they heard didn’t profit them, because it wasn’t mixed…
  • 1 John 5:10 (v19) He who believes in the Son of God has the testimony in himself. He who doesn’t believe God has made him a liar, because he has not believed…
  • Numbers 14:23 (v18) surely they shall not see the land which I swore to their fathers, neither shall any of those who despised me see it.
  • Jeremiah 9:22 (v17) Speak, “Yahweh says, “ ‘The dead bodies of men will fall as dung on the open field, and as the handful after the harvester. No one will…
  • 1 Corinthians 10:1-13 (v17) Now I would not have you ignorant, brothers, that our fathers were all under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; and were all…
  • 2 Thessalonians 2:12 (v19) that they all might be judged who didn’t believe the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.

24 distinct cross-references across this passage (25 total citations).

Cross-references from openbible.info (CC BY 4.0)

Explain this passage (19 sources)

Historical commentary, presented as a primary source — not an endorsement.

John Calvin 1540 · Public Domain On v17 17. But with whom was he grieved, or angry,…

17. But with whom was he grieved, or angry, etc. He means that God had never been angry with his people except for just causes, as Paul also reminds us in 1 Corinthians 10:5, 6. Therefore as many chastisements of God as we read were inflicted on the ancient people, so many grievous sins shall we find which provoked God’s vengeance. At the same time we must come to this conclusion, that unbelief was the chief of all their evils; for though he mentions this the last, he yet means that it was the primary cause of their curse; and no doubt from the time they once became unbelievers, they never ceased to add one sin to another, and thus they brought on themselves new scourges continually. Hence those very persons who through unbelief rejected the possession of the land offered to them, pursued their own obstinacy, now lusting, then murmuring, now committing adultery, then polluting themselves with heathen superstitions, so that their depravity became more fully manifested.

The unbelief, then, which they showed from the beginning, prevented them from enjoying the kindness of God; for the contempt of his word ever led them to sin. And as at first they deserved through their unbelief that God should deprive them of the promised rest, so whatever sin they committed afterwards flowed from the same fountain.

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It may be further asked, whether Moses, and Aaron, and those like them, were included in this number? To this I answer, that the Apostle speaks of the whole community rather than of individuals. It is certain that there were many godly men who were either not entangled in the general impiety or soon repented. Moses’ faith was once shaken and only once, and that for a moment. The Apostle’s words, therefore, contain a statement of the whole instead of a part, a mode of speaking frequently employed when a multitude or body of people are spoken of.

John Calvin's Commentaries (1540-1563) — public domain. Text from the Calvin Translation Society English edition (1840s-50s) via the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (ccel.org). Calvin's coverage is partial (roughly two-thirds of the Bible); uncommented books and verses are honest gaps, never fabricated. The 19th-century editor's footnotes and remarks are omitted so the notes are faithfully Calvin's own voice.

John Trapp 1656 · Public Domain On vv17–19 17 But with whom was he grieved forty years?…
Matthew Poole 1685 · Public Domain On vv17–19 By these questions the Spirit makes a more lively…
William Burkitt 1703 · Public Domain On v17 Observe here, The party grieved, God; the parties grieving,…
John Gill 1763 · Public Domain On vv17–18 And to whom sware he that they should not…
John Wesley 1765 · Public Domain On v19 So we see they could not enter in -…
Adam Clarke 1810 · Public Domain On vv17–19 Verse 17. But with whom was he grieved forty…
Joseph Benson 1811 · Public Domain On vv17, 19 Heb 3:17-18. But with whom was he grieved —…
Albert Barnes 1834 · Public Domain On vv17–19 But with whom was he grieved forty years? -…
Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary 1859 · Public Domain On v17 Whose carcasses were laid, or buried in the desert?…
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown 1871 · Public Domain On vv17–19 But--Translate, "Moreover," as it is not in contrast to…
Daniel D. Whedon 1874 · Public Domain On vv17, 19 17. Carcasses—Literal Greek, limbs, meaning the skeleton bones, as…
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges 1878 · Public Domain On vv17–19 17. grieved] Rather “indignant.” See Heb_3:10.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain On vv17–19 (17) But.—Better, And with whom was He angry forty…
The Biblical Illustrator 1887 · Public Domain On v17 With whom was He grieved
B. W. Johnson 1891 · Public Domain On vv17–19 17. With whom was he grieved forty years? With…
William B. Godbey 1900 · Public Domain On v18 When Israel evacuated the brick kilns and mortar yards…
C. I. Scofield 1917 · Public Domain On v17 Sin. (See Scofield "Rom 3:23").
Tyndale Open Study Notes 2022 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On v19 3:19 Unbelief and disobedience are closely associated in Hebrews…
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