Back to Leviticus 11

Leviticus 11:13-19

“ ‘You shall detest these among the birds; they shall not be eaten because they are an abomination: the eagle, the vulture, the black vulture, the red kite, any kind of black kite, any kind of raven, the horned owl, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk, the little owl, the cormorant, the great owl, the white owl, the desert owl, the osprey, the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe, and the bat.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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Parallel Translations

  • WEB World English Bible

    “ ‘You shall detest these among the birds; they shall not be eaten because they are an abomination: the eagle, the vulture, the black vulture,

    the red kite, any kind of black kite,

    any kind of raven,

    the horned owl, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk,

    the little owl, the cormorant, the great owl,

    the white owl, the desert owl, the osprey,

    the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe, and the bat.

  • KJV King James Version

    And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,

    And the vulture, and the kite after his kind;

    Every raven after his kind;

    And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind,

    And the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl,

    And the swan, and the pelican, and the gier eagle,

    And the stork, the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.

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  • JPS JPS Tanakh (1917)

    And these ye shall have in detestation among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are a detestable thing: the great vulture, and the bearded vulture, and the ospray;

    and the kite, and the falcon after its kinds;

    every raven after its kinds;

    and the ostrich, and the night-hawk, and the sea-mew, and the hawk after its kinds;

    and the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl;

    and the horned owl, and the pelican, and the carrion-vulture;

    and the stork, and the heron after its kinds, and the hoopoe, and the bat.

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Examined in Scripture Analysis

Science (1)

Historical claims about the natural world, weighed against the scientific record.

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Commandments (1)

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Cross-references (30)

  • Luke 12:24 (v15) Consider the ravens: they don’t sow, they don’t reap, they have no warehouse or barn, and God feeds them. How much more valuable are you…
  • Genesis 8:7 (v15) and he sent out a raven. It went back and forth, until the waters were dried up from the earth.
  • Deuteronomy 14:12-20 (v13) But these are they of which you shall not eat: the eagle, the vulture, the osprey, the red kite, the falcon, the kite after its kind, every…
  • Deuteronomy 14:15-18 (v16) the ostrich, the owl, the seagull, the hawk after its kind, the little owl, the great owl, the horned owl, the pelican, the vulture, the…
  • 1 Kings 17:4 (v15) You shall drink from the brook. I have commanded the ravens to feed you there.”
Show all 30 cross-references
  • 1 Kings 17:6 (v15) The ravens brought him bread and meat in the morning, and bread and meat in the evening; and he drank from the brook.
  • Job 28:7 (v13) That path no bird of prey knows, neither has the falcon’s eye seen it.
  • Job 38:41 (v13) Who provides for the raven his prey, when his young ones cry to God, and wander for lack of food?
  • Job 39:27-30 (v13) Is it at your command that the eagle mounts up, and makes his nest on high? On the cliff he dwells, and makes his home, on the point of the…
  • Psalms 102:6 (v16) I am like a pelican of the wilderness. I have become as an owl of the waste places.
  • Proverbs 30:17 (v15) “The eye that mocks at his father, and scorns obedience to his mother: the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, the young eagles shall…
  • Isaiah 13:21-22 (v16) But wild animals of the desert will lie there, and their houses will be full of jackals. Ostriches will dwell there, and wild goats will…
  • Isaiah 34:11-15 (v16) But the pelican and the porcupine will possess it. The owl and the raven will dwell in it. He will stretch the line of confusion over it,…
  • Jeremiah 4:13 (v13) Behold, he will come up as clouds, and his chariots will be as the whirlwind. His horses are swifter than eagles. Woe to us! For we are…
  • Jeremiah 4:22 (v13) “For my people are foolish. They don’t know me. They are foolish children, and they have no understanding. They are skillful in doing evil,…
  • Jeremiah 48:40 (v13) For Yahweh says: “Behold, he will fly as an eagle, and will spread out his wings against Moab.
  • Lamentations 4:19 (v13) Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles of the sky. They chased us on the mountains. They set an ambush for us in the wilderness.
  • Hosea 8:1 (v13) “Put the trumpet to your lips! Something like an eagle is over Yahweh’s house, because they have broken my covenant, and rebelled against…
  • Habakkuk 1:8 (v13) Their horses also are swifter than leopards, and are more fierce than the evening wolves. Their horsemen press proudly on. Yes, their…
  • Matthew 24:28 (v13) For wherever the carcass is, that is where the vultures gather together.
  • John 3:19-21 (v16) This is the judgment, that the light has come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the light; for their works were evil.…
  • Romans 1:28-32 (v13) Even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting; being…
  • Romans 3:13-17 (v13) “Their throat is an open tomb. With their tongues they have used deceit.” “The poison of vipers is under their lips.” “Their mouth is full…
  • Ephesians 2:2-3 (v16) in which you once walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit who now works…
  • Ephesians 4:18-19 (v16) being darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardening of…
  • Ephesians 5:7-11 (v16) Therefore don’t be partakers with them. For you were once darkness, but are now light in the Lord. Walk as children of light, for the fruit…
  • Philippians 3:18-19 (v16) For many walk, of whom I told you often, and now tell you even weeping, as the enemies of the cross of Christ, whose end is destruction,…
  • 1 Thessalonians 5:5-7 (v16) You are all children of light and children of the day. We don’t belong to the night, nor to darkness, so then let’s not sleep, as the rest…
  • Titus 3:3 (v13) For we were also once foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving various lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, and hating…
  • Revelation 18:2 (v16) He cried with a mighty voice, saying, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, and she has become a habitation of demons, a prison of every…

Cross-references from openbible.info (CC BY 4.0)

Explain this passage (17 sources)

Historical commentary, presented as a primary source — not an endorsement.

Geneva Bible translators 1599 · Public Domain On vv13, 16, 18 Or, gryphon, as it is in the Greek.

Or, gryphon, as it is in the Greek.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain.

John Trapp 1656 · Public Domain On vv13–19 Lev 11:13 And these [are they which] ye shall…
Matthew Poole 1685 · Public Domain On vv13, 15, 16 The true signification of these and the following Hebrew…
John Gill 1763 · Public Domain On vv13–19 And these are they which ye shall have in…
John Wesley 1765 · Public Domain On vv13, 15 Among the fowls - The true signification of the…
Adam Clarke 1810 · Public Domain On vv13–19 Verse 13. And these - among the fowls -…
Joseph Benson 1811 · Public Domain On vv13, 14, 19 Lev 11:13. All such fowls and birds as are…
Albert Barnes 1834 · Public Domain On v13 As far as they can be identified, the birds…
Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary 1859 · Public Domain On vv13, 16, 17, 18, 19 The griffon. Not the monster which the painters represent,…
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown 1871 · Public Domain On vv13–19 these are they which ye shall have in abomination…
Daniel D. Whedon 1874 · Public Domain On vv13–19 CONCERNING FOWLS, Lev_11:13-19.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges 1878 · Public Domain On vv13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19 13. the eagle] Heb. nésher, great vulture R.V. mg.…
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain On vv13–19 (13) Ye shall have in abomination among the fowls.—The…
The Pulpit Commentary 1880 · Public Domain On v13 Vers. 13-19. The unclean birds are those which are…
Paul E. Kretzmann 1924 · Public Domain On v13 Of Animals of the Air
unfoldingWord translationNotes 2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On vv13, 17 General Information:
Tyndale Open Study Notes 2022 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On v13 11:13-19 The list of unclean birds includes birds of…
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