Parallel Translations

  • WEB World English Bible

    Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper.

  • KJV King James Version

    Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper.

  • JPS JPS Tanakh (1917)

    Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of broom.

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Cross-references (18)

Passages linked to Psalms 120:4 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, ordered by reader-vote popularity; verse text shown in World English Bible.

  • James 3:5-8 So the tongue is also a little member, and boasts great things. See how a small fire can spread to a large forest! And the tongue is a fire. The world of iniquity among our members is the tongue, which defiles the whole body, and sets on fire the course of nature, and is set on fire by Gehenna. For every kind of animal, bird, creeping thing, and sea creature, is tamed, and has been tamed by mankind; but nobody can tame the tongue. It is a restless evil, full of deadly poison.
  • Proverbs 18:21 Death and life are in the power of the tongue; those who love it will eat its fruit.
  • Proverbs 19:9 A false witness shall not be unpunished. He who utters lies shall perish.
  • Psalms 45:5 Your arrows are sharp. The nations fall under you, with arrows in the heart of the king’s enemies.
  • Proverbs 12:22 Lying lips are an abomination to Yahweh, but those who do the truth are his delight.
  • Proverbs 16:27 A worthless man devises mischief. His speech is like a scorching fire.
  • Proverbs 19:5 A false witness shall not be unpunished. He who pours out lies shall not go free.
  • Deuteronomy 32:23-24 “I will heap evils on them. I will spend my arrows on them. They shall be wasted with hunger, and devoured with burning heat and bitter destruction. I will send the teeth of animals on them, with the venom of vipers that glide in the dust.
  • Psalms 7:13 He has also prepared for himself the instruments of death. He makes ready his flaming arrows.
  • Psalms 52:5 God will likewise destroy you forever. He will take you up, and pluck you out of your tent, and root you out of the land of the living.
  • Psalms 57:4 My soul is among lions. I lie among those who are set on fire, even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows, and their tongue a sharp sword.
  • Psalms 59:7 Behold, they spew with their mouth. Swords are in their lips, “For”, they say, “who hears us?”
  • Psalms 140:9-11 As for the head of those who surround me, let the mischief of their own lips cover them. Let burning coals fall on them. Let them be thrown into the fire, into miry pits, from where they never rise. An evil speaker won’t be established in the earth. Evil will hunt the violent man to overthrow him.
  • Proverbs 11:9 With his mouth the godless man destroys his neighbor, but the righteous will be delivered through knowledge.
  • Proverbs 11:12 One who despises his neighbor is void of wisdom, but a man of understanding holds his peace.
  • Proverbs 11:18 Wicked people earn deceitful wages, but one who sows righteousness reaps a sure reward.
  • Revelation 21:8 But for the cowardly, unbelieving, sinners, abominable, murderers, sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars, their part is in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death.”
  • Proverbs 18:8 The words of a gossip are like dainty morsels: they go down into a person’s innermost parts.

Cross-references from openbible.info (CC BY 4.0)

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Explain this verse (13 sources)

Historical commentary, presented as a primary source — not an endorsement.

John Calvin 1540 · Public Domain 4. The arrows of a strong man sharpened, with…

4. The arrows of a strong man sharpened, with coals of juniper. Here the Psalmist amplifies in another way the malice of such as distress the simple and innocent by their calumnies, affirming that they throw out their injurious reports just like a man who should draw an arrow, and with it pierce through the body of his neighbor; and that their calumnies were like coals of juniper, The Hebrew word רתם, rothem, here rendered “juniper,” occurs also in I Kings 19:4, 5, and Job 30:4, in both which places it is translated in our English Bible by “juniper-tree.” It would appear that this shrub was remarkable for the intense flame with which it burned, and for the length of time during which its embers retained their heat. Several critics, however, think that the Hebrew rothem means the genista or Spanish broom; and in support of this opinion it is said that the genista is much used as fuel by the Arabs, among whom the Psalmist describes himself as then living; and that, as Geierus asserts, it” sparkles, burns, and crackles more vehemently than any other wood.” (See Parkhurst on רתם.) It is somewhat difficult to decide in this matter. As more than thirty different trees are mentioned in the Bible, and as we are but imperfectly acquainted with the natural history of these remote countries, it is no wonder though we find it impossible to identify all these trees. It may be observed that Calvin in his translation brings out that beautiful gradation of sense, terminating in a point of severity, for which the Hebrew text is remarkable, but which does not appear in our English version. Slanderous words are first compared to “arrows,” secondly, to “arrows discharged from the bow by a strong man,” and in proportion to the strength of a man will be the force with which his weapon strikes; next to “sharp arrows;” and lastly, to “coals of juniper,” or some wood used in those days celebrated for burning fiercely and long, (for the particle עם, im translated with, is sometimes one of similitude, as in Psalm 106:6, “We have sinned like as our fathers,”) intimating not only that malignant slanders deeply penetrate, but that they inflame and burn for a long time. Hence the Apostle James (James 3:5, 6) compares the tongue of slander to a fire enkindled from hell, and inflaming the course of nature. Some interpreters think that this verse is not to be understood as a description of calumny, but rather as the punishment which God will inflict on the calumniator. They therefore regard it as an answer to the question in the preceding verse, “What shall be given unto thee,” etc.; observing that calumny and falsehood being frequently represented by the images of arrows and fire, the same images suitably express the requital which awaits them at the hand of God — the swift and terrible retributive vengeance of the Almighty, which will overtake all who practice falsehood and slander. See Psalm 57:4; Psalm 64:3, 7, 9; and Job 20:26. “Sharp arrows of the Mighty One, with coals of juniper,” await them. This opinion is adopted by Street, Mant, Morison, Paxton, Fry, French and Skinner. Calvin’s exposition is embraced by Walford and Phillips. The former, to elicit this meaning the more clearly, uses a supplement:

“Sharp arrows of a warrior, And burning coals of juniper, thou resemblest.”

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He, however, in a footnote requests the reader “to observe, that this is given as what seems to be the most probable interpretation of the passage, though it cannot be regarded as absolutely certain.”

John Calvin's Commentaries (1540-1563) — public domain. Text from the Calvin Translation Society English edition (1840s-50s) via the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (ccel.org). Calvin's coverage is partial (roughly two-thirds of the Bible); uncommented books and verses are honest gaps, never fabricated. The 19th-century editor's footnotes and remarks are omitted so the notes are faithfully Calvin's own voice.

Geneva Bible translators 1599 · Public Domain He showeth that there is nothing so sharp to…
John Trapp 1656 · Public Domain Psa 120:4 Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals…
Matthew Poole 1685 · Public Domain So this verse contains an answer to the question…
John Gill 1763 · Public Domain Woe is me, that I sojourn in Mesech,.... Meshech…
John Wesley 1765 · Public Domain Arrows - The wrath and vengeance of the mighty…
Adam Clarke 1810 · Public Domain Verse 4. Sharp arrows] The Chaldee has, "The strong,…
Albert Barnes 1834 · Public Domain Sharp arrows of the mighty - This is an…
Daniel D. Whedon 1874 · Public Domain 4. Sharp arrows of the mighty—The retributions of God…
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain (4) Sharp.—Better, sharpened, whetted, as if for a purpose.
The Pulpit Commentary 1880 · Public Domain Sharp arrows of the mighty. The psalmist answers his…
Charles H. Spurgeon 1885 · Public Domain Ver. 4. Sharp arrows of the mighty. Swift, sure,…
The Biblical Illustrator 1887 · Public Domain Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper.

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