Numbers 20:11(vv15, 20)Moses lifted up his hand, and struck the rock with his rod twice, and water came out abundantly. The congregation and their livestock drank.
Psalms 105:41(vv15–16)He opened the rock, and waters gushed out. They ran as a river in the dry places.
Exodus 17:6(v15)Behold, I will stand before you there on the rock in Horeb. You shall strike the rock, and water will come out of it, that the people may…
Numbers 21:5(v19)The people spoke against God and against Moses: “Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? For there is no bread,…
1 Corinthians 10:4(v15)and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank of a spiritual rock that followed them, and the rock was Christ.
Show all 45 cross-references
Numbers 11:4(vv18–19)The mixed multitude that was among them lusted exceedingly; and the children of Israel also wept again, and said, “Who will give us meat to…
Deuteronomy 6:16(v18)You shall not tempt Yahweh your God, as you tempted him in Massah.
Psalms 114:8(v15)who turned the rock into a pool of water, the flint into a spring of waters.
Exodus 16:3(v19)and the children of Israel said to them, “We wish that we had died by Yahweh’s hand in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the meat pots,…
1 Corinthians 10:9(v18)Let’s not test Christ, as some of them tested, and perished by the serpents.
Exodus 16:8-10(v19)Moses said, “Now Yahweh will give you meat to eat in the evening, and in the morning bread to satisfy you, because Yahweh hears your…
Numbers 11:21-23(v20)Moses said, “The people, among whom I am, are six hundred thousand men on foot; and you have said, ‘I will give them meat, that they may…
Numbers 20:10-11(v16)Moses and Aaron gathered the assembly together before the rock, and he said to them, “Hear now, you rebels! Shall we bring water out of…
Psalms 23:5(v19)You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies. You anoint my head with oil. My cup runs over.
Isaiah 41:18(v15)I will open rivers on the bare heights, and springs in the middle of the valleys. I will make the wilderness a pool of water, and the dry…
Isaiah 43:20(v15)The animals of the field, the jackals and the ostriches, shall honor me, because I give water in the wilderness and rivers in the desert,…
Isaiah 48:21(v15)They didn’t thirst when he led them through the deserts. He caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them. He also split the rock and…
Isaiah 63:10(v17)But they rebelled and grieved his Holy Spirit. Therefore he turned and became their enemy, and he himself fought against them.
Revelation 22:1(v15)He showed me a river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb,
Revelation 22:17(v15)The Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” He who hears, let him say, “Come!” He who is thirsty, let him come. He who desires, let him take the…
Genesis 18:12-14(v20)Sarah laughed within herself, saying, “After I have grown old will I have pleasure, my lord being old also?” Yahweh said to Abraham, “Why…
Numbers 11:13(v19)Where could I get meat to give all these people? For they weep before me, saying, ‘Give us meat, that we may eat.’
Numbers 20:3(v19)The people quarreled with Moses, and spoke, saying, “We wish that we had died when our brothers died before Yahweh!
Numbers 20:8(v16)“Take the rod, and assemble the congregation, you, and Aaron your brother, and speak to the rock before their eyes, that it pour out its…
Deuteronomy 8:15(v16)who led you through the great and terrible wilderness, with venomous snakes and scorpions, and thirsty ground where there was no water; who…
Psalms 78:41(v20)They turned again and tempted God, and provoked the Holy One of Israel.
Psalms 106:14-15(v18)but gave in to craving in the desert, and tested God in the wasteland. He gave them their request, but sent leanness into their soul.
1 Corinthians 10:6(v18)Now these things were our examples, to the intent we should not lust after evil things, as they also lusted.
Hebrews 3:16-19(v17)For who, when they heard, rebelled? Wasn’t it all those who came out of Egypt led by Moses? With whom was he displeased forty years? Wasn’t…
Exodus 17:6-7(v20)Behold, I will stand before you there on the rock in Horeb. You shall strike the rock, and water will come out of it, that the people may…
Numbers 11:18(v20)“Say to the people, ‘Sanctify yourselves in preparation for tomorrow, and you will eat meat; for you have wept in the ears of Yahweh,…
Deuteronomy 9:8(v17)Also in Horeb you provoked Yahweh to wrath, and Yahweh was angry with you to destroy you.
Deuteronomy 9:12-22(v17)Yahweh said to me, “Arise, get down quickly from here; for your people whom you have brought out of Egypt have corrupted themselves. They…
Job 34:37(v19)For he adds rebellion to his sin. He claps his hands among us, and multiplies his words against God.”
Psalms 95:8-10(v17)Don’t harden your heart, as at Meribah, as in the day of Massah in the wilderness, when your fathers tempted me, tested me, and saw my…
Psalms 95:9(v18)when your fathers tempted me, tested me, and saw my work.
Psalms 106:13-32(v17)They soon forgot his works. They didn’t wait for his counsel, but gave in to craving in the desert, and tested God in the wasteland. He…
John 7:37-38(v15)Now on the last and greatest day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried out, “If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me and drink! He who…
James 4:2-3(v18)You lust, and don’t have. You murder and covet, and can’t obtain. You fight and make war. You don’t have, because you don’t ask. You ask,…
Exodus 16:2-3(v18)The whole congregation of the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron in the wilderness; and the children of Israel…
Deuteronomy 9:21(v16)I took your sin, the calf which you had made, and burned it with fire, and crushed it, grinding it very small, until it was as fine as…
2 Chronicles 32:19(v19)They spoke of the God of Jerusalem as of the gods of the peoples of the earth, which are the work of men’s hands.
Psalms 78:32(v17)For all this they still sinned, and didn’t believe in his wondrous works.
Romans 9:20(v19)But indeed, O man, who are you to reply against God? Will the thing formed ask him who formed it, “Why did you make me like this?”
Revelation 13:6(v19)He opened his mouth for blasphemy against God, to blaspheme his name, and his dwelling, those who dwell in heaven.
45 distinct cross-references across this passage (48 total citations).
Cross-references from openbible.info (CC BY 4.0)
Explain this passage (17 sources)
Historical commentary, presented as a primary source — not an endorsement.
John Calvin1540 · Public DomainOn vv15, 17, 18, 1915. He clave the rocks in the wilderness. The…
15. He clave the rocks in the wilderness. The Psalmist produces another evidence of the fatherly love by which God testified the greatness of the care which he exercised about the welfare of this people. It is not simply said that God gave them drink, but that he did this in a miraculous manner. Streams, it is true, sometimes issue from rocks, but the rock which Moses smote was completely dry. Whence it is evident, that the water was not brought forth from any spring, but that it was made to flow from the profoundest deeps, as if it had been said, from the very center of the earth. Those, therefore, who have interpreted this passage as meaning, that the Israelites drank in the bottomless deeps, because the waters flowed in great abundance, have failed in giving the true explanation. Moses, in his history of the miracle, rather enhances its greatness, by intimating, that God commanded those waters to come gushing from the remotest veins.
The same truth is confirmed in the following verse, in which it is stated, that where there had not been a single drop of water before there was a large and mighty river. Had there only sprung out of the rock a small rivulet, ungodly men might have had some apparent ground for cavilling at, and underrating the goodness of God, but when the water gushed out in such copious abundance all on a sudden, who does not see that the ordinary course of nature was changed, rather than that some vein or spring which lay hidden in the earth was opened?
John Calvin's Commentaries (1540-1563) — public domain. Text from the Calvin Translation Society English edition (1840s-50s) via the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (ccel.org). Calvin's coverage is partial (roughly two-thirds of the Bible); uncommented books and verses are honest gaps, never fabricated. The 19th-century editor's footnotes and remarks are omitted so the notes are faithfully Calvin's own voice.
Geneva Bible translators1599 · Public DomainOn vv17–19Their wicked malice could be overcome by no benefits,…
Their wicked malice could be overcome by no benefits, which were great and many.
Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain.
John Trapp1656 · Public DomainOn vv15–20Psa 78:15 He clave the rocks in the wilderness,…
Psa 78:15 He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave [them] drink as [out of] the great depths.
Ver. 15. He clave the rocks] And set them abroach, both that in Rephidim, Exo 17:1-8, and the other in Kadesh, Num 20:1-13 Moses Nehamides, on Exo 17:1-8, saith, that the old Jewish doctors held that the rock of Rephidim not only yielded waters like a river all those forty years wherein they were in the wilderness, but followed them also there whithersoever they went. This agreeth well with that of the apostle St Paul, 1Co 10:4, who sweetly allegorizeth this history.
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As out of the great depths] i.e. In great abundance, Ad satietatem usque. Rocks sooner yield fire than water; but what cannot God do?
John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Matthew Poole1685 · Public DomainOn vv15, 16, 17, 18, 20Rocks; he useth the plural number, because it was…
Rocks; he useth the plural number, because it was twice done; once in Rephidim, Exo 17:6, and again in Kadesh, Num 20:1,11.
The great depths; in great abundance.
Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
John Gill1763 · Public DomainOn vv15–20He brought streams also out of the rock,.... Which…
He brought streams also out of the rock,.... Which is expressed in the singular number, as also in Psa 78:20, because the children of Israel were not come to Kadesh, and the second rock was not smitten when they lusted after flesh, and murmured against God, and tempted him, as is after related:
and caused waters to run down like rivers; from the descent of the rock, which followed them all the way in the wilderness; this was a most marvellous thing, that water should flow from a flinty rock upon striking it, from whence fire rather than water might have been expected; and that it should flow in such great abundance, and that from a rock in a wilderness.
John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
John Wesley1765 · Public DomainOn vv15–18Wilderness - In Rephidim, and again in Kadesh.
Wilderness - In Rephidim, and again in Kadesh.
John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.
Adam Clarke1810 · Public DomainOn v18Verse 18. By asking meat for their lust.] לנפשם…
Verse 18. By asking meat for their lust.] לנפשם lenaphsham, "for their souls," i.e., for their lives; for they said in their hearts that the light bread, the manna, was not sufficient to sustain their natural force, and preserve their lives. It seems, however, from the expression, that they were wholly carnal; that they had no spirituality of mind; they were earthly, animal, and devilish.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Joseph Benson1811 · Public DomainOn v17Psa 78:17-20. And they sinned yet more — Hebrew,…
Psa 78:17-20. And they sinned yet more — Hebrew, ויוסיפו עוד לחשׂאלו, They added yet to sin against him. All these miraculous works did not alter their depraved nature; but it broke out into new and greater provocations; in the wilderness — In that very place where they were under such strong and singular obligations to obedience, both for the great things which God had then and there done for them, and from their dependance upon his favour and help for their safety and subsistence; where, indeed, without his singular providence, they had all perished. This was certainly a great aggravation of their sin and folly. And they tempted God — Desired a new trial and proof of his power, as the next verse shows. See Num 11:4. By asking meat for their lust — Not for their necessary subsistence, for which they had in manna, but out of an inordinate and luxurious appetite. Yea, they spake against God, &c. — At last they openly declared and manifested that distrust of his power which was in their hearts, saying, Can God furnish a table? — Is he able to provide, not only bare support and sustenance, but variety of nourishing and pleasant food, here in this barren wilderness? Behold, he smote the rock, &c. — It is true he hath brought water out of a rock for us in abundance; but can he give bread also? — Not such light food as this manna is, but more substantial bread, here where no corn grows? Can he provide flesh for his people? — Can he make an ample provision for all this multitude of such flesh as this place does not afford? They should have said, Lord, if thou wilt thou canst. For is any thing too hard for Omnipotence? When once the ordinary powers of nature are exceeded, and God has made bare his arm, and put forth his almighty power, we must conclude nothing is impossible with him.
Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Albert Barnes1834 · Public DomainOn vv15–20He clave the rocks in the wilderness - There…
He clave the rocks in the wilderness - There were two occasions on which the rock was smitten for water; one Exo 17:6 at Mount Horeb, shortly after they came out of Egypt; and the other Num 20:11, when they had nearly ceased their wanderings in the wilderness. Hence, the plural term (rocks) is used here.
And gave them drink as out of the great depths - As if he had formed a lake or an ocean, furnishing an inexhaustible supply.
Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Daniel D. Whedon1874 · Public DomainOn vv15, 16, 18, 19, 2015. Rocks—The plural indicates that the psalmist compresses into…
15. Rocks—The plural indicates that the psalmist compresses into one the two miracles, the first at Horeb in the first year after the exodus, (Exo_17:6,) and the second in the fortieth year, at Kadesh, Num_20:1; Num_20:11.
Great depths—The Hebrew word signifies ocean depths, abyss, as in Gen_1:2. Both at Sinai and Kadesh vast quantities of water were required; at the former place because of the length of their stay there, and at the latter because there were fewer natural supplies. This is specially true if we locate Kadesh, with Dr. Robinson, at Ain el-Weibeh in the Arabah, in the southeast limit of Palestine, though this feature of the case would be much relieved if we adopt Mr. Palmer’s hypothesis, and locate Kadesh at Ain Gadis, (“a name which, in meaning and etymology, is identical with the Kadesh of the Bible,”) seventy miles south by west from Ain el-Weibeh, in a region well cultivated in ancient times.
Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges1878 · Public DomainOn vv15, 17, 18, 19, 2015, 16. He clave rocks in the wilderness,
15, 16. He clave rocks in the wilderness,
And gave them drink as out of the depths abundantly:
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And he brought forth streams out of a cliff.
Two different words are used, with reference to the two occasions upon which the Israelites were miraculously supplied with water: first in Rephidim at the beginning of their journey when Moses was commanded to smite ‘the rock’ (Exo_17:6), and secondly, in Kadesh, at the close of their wanderings, when Moses smote ‘the cliff,’ to which he was commanded to speak (Num_20:8 ff.). The depths are the reservoirs of water hidden in the earth (Psa_33:7; Gen_7:11; Deu_8:7).
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers1878 · Public DomainOn vv15, 16, 17, 19(15) And gave . . .—Literally, and gave them…
(15) And gave . . .—Literally, and gave them to drink as it were a great deep, or as we might say, “oceans of drink”—a poetical exaggeration; or are we rather to think of the gift of water as produced by striking or boring through the rock to the great ocean on which the earth was supposed to rest?
A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Pulpit Commentary1880 · Public DomainOn vv15, 17, 18, 19Vers. 15, 16. He clave the rocks in the…
Vers. 15, 16. He clave the rocks in the wilderness; rather, he clave rocks. The word has no article. The reference is probably to both Exo_17:6 and Num_20:8-11. And gave them drink as out of the great depths; rather, "and gave them drink abundantly, as out of the depths" (so Cheyne and the Revised Version). On the abundance of the water, see Num_20:11, and compare the next verse: He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.
The rock. (Cf. 1Co_10:4 Nu 20) What rock was this? Travellers have described such rock; but we do not know that it was this one. But we do know that it existed; that the waters which flowed from it followed Israel; which is what Paul means by saying that the "rock followed them;" and that this rock was a type of Christ not Christ himself, but a type of him. Note
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I THE RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN CHRIST AND THE ROCK,
1. In nature. A rock is like Christ; it is stable, solid, fit for a foundation. A rock may be a great defence. "Be thou my strong Rock, a House of defence to cover me." A refreshing shade. "The shadow of a great rock," etc.
2. In the fact that the rock was smitten ere the waters flowed out.
3. Moses, the Laws representative, was the smiter. And to obey the Law, Christ was smitten.
II THE STREAMS WHICH FLOWED FROM IT. These tell of what from Christ flow to us pardoning mercy, sanctifying grace, spiritual consolation, eternal life. And as those streams, so these are free, satisfying, copious, constant.
III THE INQUIRIES SUGGESTED. Have we drunk of them? If not, do so. Are we drinking of them? Invite others. S.C.
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Charles H. Spurgeon1885 · Public DomainOn vv15–20Ver. 15. He clave the rocks in the wilderness.…
Ver. 15. He clave the rocks in the wilderness. Moses was the instrument, but the Lord did it all. Twice he made the flint a gushing rill. What can he not do?
And gave them drink as out of the great depths, --as though it gushed from earth's innermost reservoirs. The streams were so fresh, so copious, so constant, that they seemed to well up from the earth's primeval fountains, and to leap at once from "the deep which coucheth beneath." Here was a divine supply for Israel's urgent need, and such an one as ought to have held them for ever in unwavering fidelity to their wonder working God.
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Ver. 15. The rocks. They were typical of Christ, 1Co 10:4; who is frequently compared to one for height, strength, and duration, shade, shelter, and protection; and is called the "Rock of Israel, " the "Rock of offence to both houses of Israel, "the "Rock of salvation, "the "Rock of refuge, "the "Rock of strength, "the "Rock that is higher than, "the saints, and on which the church is built, and who is "the shadow of a great rock in a weary land." John Gill.
Ver. 15. Gave them drink as out of the great depths. As if he had formed a lake or an ocean, furnishing an inexhaustible supply. Albert Barnes.
Ver. 15-16. Divine supplies seasonable, plentiful, of the best, marvellous.
Psalms 78:16*
Ver. 15-16. Divine supplies seasonable, plentiful, of the best, marvellous.
Charles H. Spurgeon's The Treasury of David (1869–1885) — public domain. Psalms only. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
The Biblical Illustrator1887 · Public DomainOn vv15, 17, 18, 19, 20He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave…
Psa_78:15-16
He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths.
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Streams from the rock
I. Consider thy rock as a representation of Christ.
1. What does a rock remind us of?
(1) Solidity and firmness. Christ is the same, yesterday, to-day, and for ever.
(2) Power of defence. Christ is mighty to save. Able to save to the uttermost.
(3) Power of support. Upon this rock I will build My Church.
(4) Power of refreshment. This is desirable; but bow is it with regard to Christians as to their relation to Christ? By believing they enter into rest; they feel a peace that passeth all understanding; in all their afflictions, tribulations, and trials, whether personal or relative, they find here the shadow of a great rock in a weary land.
2. We pass from the image to its condition; we mean with regard to its being smitten. And how did the Lord Jesus become the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey Him? Not only by the dignity of His nature, though this was necessary; not only by the innocence of His life, though this was necessary; and not only by the perfection of His righteousness, but by suffering and by death: He was wounded for our transgressions, etc.
3. It was not only smitten, but smitten by Moses--a type of the law. The Lord laid on Him the iniquity of us all. He redeemed us from the curse of the law, etc.
4. The last article of conformity is the result, for from this rock, as Smitten by Moses, streams flowed. He brought streams also out of the rock.
II. To survey some of the fine streams which flowed from it.
1. The promises. These are exceeding great and precious--exceeding great, because of their contents; exceeding precious to the Christian, because of the estimation they are held in by him. All these are Yea and Amen in Christ Jesus.
2. Pardoning mercy. His blood cleanseth from all sin.
3. Sanctifying grace. If any man be in Christ he is a new creature.
4. Spiritual consolation. It is I, be not afraid.
5. Future blessedness. Fulness of joy. Eye hath not seen, etc.
III. The quality of these streams.
1. They were marvellous and unlikely. Who ever saw a stream of water rising out of a flinty rock? How much more supernatural is the stream of redemption!
2. They were gratuitous. He did not deal with them according to their sine, nor reward them after their iniquity, but furnished them with those supplies they needed. And how was it with us? for they were an exact counterpart of us. It was not by works of righteousness that we have done that He saved us, but by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost; thus showing the exceeding riches of His grace in His kindness towards us by Christ Jesus.
3. They were copious (verse16). So in regard to the waters of life, there is enough and to spare; enough for you, enough for others, enough for all. Ho, every one that thirsteth; come ye to the waters.
4. They were constant, at least enough so to furnish an exact representation of the waters of salvation, for you have heard how far the reality has the pre-eminence. This rock in its streams followed them partially, and only for a while; and the people moved on in another direction, leaving these streams, and then they thirsted again. But it is true, perfectly true, without any exception, that this rock, or the streams thereof, follow Christians in all their travels in the wilderness, and it will never leave them, nor forsake them. When they look forward, therefore, they may say with holy confidence, Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life; and the meanest of them feels assured that he shall dwell for ever in Gods house above. (W. Jay.)
The Biblical Illustrator, edited by Joseph S. Exell (c. 1880s–1900s) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
unfoldingWord translationNotes2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0On vv15, 17, 19He split
He split
"God split"
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enough to fill the depths of the sea
This is probably hyperbole. AT: "more water than they could possibly drink" (See: Hyperbole and Generalization)
John Calvin 1540 · Public Domain On vv15, 17, 18, 19 15. He clave the rocks in the wilderness. The…
15. He clave the rocks in the wilderness. The Psalmist produces another evidence of the fatherly love by which God testified the greatness of the care which he exercised about the welfare of this people. It is not simply said that God gave them drink, but that he did this in a miraculous manner. Streams, it is true, sometimes issue from rocks, but the rock which Moses smote was completely dry. Whence it is evident, that the water was not brought forth from any spring, but that it was made to flow from the profoundest deeps, as if it had been said, from the very center of the earth. Those, therefore, who have interpreted this passage as meaning, that the Israelites drank in the bottomless deeps, because the waters flowed in great abundance, have failed in giving the true explanation. Moses, in his history of the miracle, rather enhances its greatness, by intimating, that God commanded those waters to come gushing from the remotest veins.
The same truth is confirmed in the following verse, in which it is stated, that where there had not been a single drop of water before there was a large and mighty river. Had there only sprung out of the rock a small rivulet, ungodly men might have had some apparent ground for cavilling at, and underrating the goodness of God, but when the water gushed out in such copious abundance all on a sudden, who does not see that the ordinary course of nature was changed, rather than that some vein or spring which lay hidden in the earth was opened?
John Calvin's Commentaries (1540-1563) — public domain. Text from the Calvin Translation Society English edition (1840s-50s) via the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (ccel.org). Calvin's coverage is partial (roughly two-thirds of the Bible); uncommented books and verses are honest gaps, never fabricated. The 19th-century editor's footnotes and remarks are omitted so the notes are faithfully Calvin's own voice.
Geneva Bible translators 1599 · Public Domain On vv17–19 Their wicked malice could be overcome by no benefits,…
Their wicked malice could be overcome by no benefits, which were great and many.
Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain.
John Trapp 1656 · Public Domain On vv15–20 Psa 78:15 He clave the rocks in the wilderness,…
Psa 78:15 He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave [them] drink as [out of] the great depths.
Ver. 15. He clave the rocks] And set them abroach, both that in Rephidim, Exo 17:1-8, and the other in Kadesh, Num 20:1-13 Moses Nehamides, on Exo 17:1-8, saith, that the old Jewish doctors held that the rock of Rephidim not only yielded waters like a river all those forty years wherein they were in the wilderness, but followed them also there whithersoever they went. This agreeth well with that of the apostle St Paul, 1Co 10:4, who sweetly allegorizeth this history.
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As out of the great depths] i.e. In great abundance, Ad satietatem usque. Rocks sooner yield fire than water; but what cannot God do?
John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Matthew Poole 1685 · Public Domain On vv15, 16, 17, 18, 20 Rocks; he useth the plural number, because it was…
Rocks; he useth the plural number, because it was twice done; once in Rephidim, Exo 17:6, and again in Kadesh, Num 20:1,11.
The great depths; in great abundance.
Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
John Gill 1763 · Public Domain On vv15–20 He brought streams also out of the rock,.... Which…
He brought streams also out of the rock,.... Which is expressed in the singular number, as also in Psa 78:20, because the children of Israel were not come to Kadesh, and the second rock was not smitten when they lusted after flesh, and murmured against God, and tempted him, as is after related:
and caused waters to run down like rivers; from the descent of the rock, which followed them all the way in the wilderness; this was a most marvellous thing, that water should flow from a flinty rock upon striking it, from whence fire rather than water might have been expected; and that it should flow in such great abundance, and that from a rock in a wilderness.
John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
John Wesley 1765 · Public Domain On vv15–18 Wilderness - In Rephidim, and again in Kadesh.
Wilderness - In Rephidim, and again in Kadesh.
John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.
Adam Clarke 1810 · Public Domain On v18 Verse 18. By asking meat for their lust.] לנפשם…
Verse 18. By asking meat for their lust.] לנפשם lenaphsham, "for their souls," i.e., for their lives; for they said in their hearts that the light bread, the manna, was not sufficient to sustain their natural force, and preserve their lives. It seems, however, from the expression, that they were wholly carnal; that they had no spirituality of mind; they were earthly, animal, and devilish.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Joseph Benson 1811 · Public Domain On v17 Psa 78:17-20. And they sinned yet more — Hebrew,…
Psa 78:17-20. And they sinned yet more — Hebrew, ויוסיפו עוד לחשׂאלו, They added yet to sin against him. All these miraculous works did not alter their depraved nature; but it broke out into new and greater provocations; in the wilderness — In that very place where they were under such strong and singular obligations to obedience, both for the great things which God had then and there done for them, and from their dependance upon his favour and help for their safety and subsistence; where, indeed, without his singular providence, they had all perished. This was certainly a great aggravation of their sin and folly. And they tempted God — Desired a new trial and proof of his power, as the next verse shows. See Num 11:4. By asking meat for their lust — Not for their necessary subsistence, for which they had in manna, but out of an inordinate and luxurious appetite. Yea, they spake against God, &c. — At last they openly declared and manifested that distrust of his power which was in their hearts, saying, Can God furnish a table? — Is he able to provide, not only bare support and sustenance, but variety of nourishing and pleasant food, here in this barren wilderness? Behold, he smote the rock, &c. — It is true he hath brought water out of a rock for us in abundance; but can he give bread also? — Not such light food as this manna is, but more substantial bread, here where no corn grows? Can he provide flesh for his people? — Can he make an ample provision for all this multitude of such flesh as this place does not afford? They should have said, Lord, if thou wilt thou canst. For is any thing too hard for Omnipotence? When once the ordinary powers of nature are exceeded, and God has made bare his arm, and put forth his almighty power, we must conclude nothing is impossible with him.
Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Albert Barnes 1834 · Public Domain On vv15–20 He clave the rocks in the wilderness - There…
He clave the rocks in the wilderness - There were two occasions on which the rock was smitten for water; one Exo 17:6 at Mount Horeb, shortly after they came out of Egypt; and the other Num 20:11, when they had nearly ceased their wanderings in the wilderness. Hence, the plural term (rocks) is used here.
And gave them drink as out of the great depths - As if he had formed a lake or an ocean, furnishing an inexhaustible supply.
Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Daniel D. Whedon 1874 · Public Domain On vv15, 16, 18, 19, 20 15. Rocks—The plural indicates that the psalmist compresses into…
15. Rocks—The plural indicates that the psalmist compresses into one the two miracles, the first at Horeb in the first year after the exodus, (Exo_17:6,) and the second in the fortieth year, at Kadesh, Num_20:1; Num_20:11.
Great depths—The Hebrew word signifies ocean depths, abyss, as in Gen_1:2. Both at Sinai and Kadesh vast quantities of water were required; at the former place because of the length of their stay there, and at the latter because there were fewer natural supplies. This is specially true if we locate Kadesh, with Dr. Robinson, at Ain el-Weibeh in the Arabah, in the southeast limit of Palestine, though this feature of the case would be much relieved if we adopt Mr. Palmer’s hypothesis, and locate Kadesh at Ain Gadis, (“a name which, in meaning and etymology, is identical with the Kadesh of the Bible,”) seventy miles south by west from Ain el-Weibeh, in a region well cultivated in ancient times.
Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges 1878 · Public Domain On vv15, 17, 18, 19, 20 15, 16. He clave rocks in the wilderness,
15, 16. He clave rocks in the wilderness,
And gave them drink as out of the depths abundantly:
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And he brought forth streams out of a cliff.
Two different words are used, with reference to the two occasions upon which the Israelites were miraculously supplied with water: first in Rephidim at the beginning of their journey when Moses was commanded to smite ‘the rock’ (Exo_17:6), and secondly, in Kadesh, at the close of their wanderings, when Moses smote ‘the cliff,’ to which he was commanded to speak (Num_20:8 ff.). The depths are the reservoirs of water hidden in the earth (Psa_33:7; Gen_7:11; Deu_8:7).
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain On vv15, 16, 17, 19 (15) And gave . . .—Literally, and gave them…
(15) And gave . . .—Literally, and gave them to drink as it were a great deep, or as we might say, “oceans of drink”—a poetical exaggeration; or are we rather to think of the gift of water as produced by striking or boring through the rock to the great ocean on which the earth was supposed to rest?
A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Pulpit Commentary 1880 · Public Domain On vv15, 17, 18, 19 Vers. 15, 16. He clave the rocks in the…
Vers. 15, 16. He clave the rocks in the wilderness; rather, he clave rocks. The word has no article. The reference is probably to both Exo_17:6 and Num_20:8-11. And gave them drink as out of the great depths; rather, "and gave them drink abundantly, as out of the depths" (so Cheyne and the Revised Version). On the abundance of the water, see Num_20:11, and compare the next verse: He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.
The rock. (Cf. 1Co_10:4 Nu 20) What rock was this? Travellers have described such rock; but we do not know that it was this one. But we do know that it existed; that the waters which flowed from it followed Israel; which is what Paul means by saying that the "rock followed them;" and that this rock was a type of Christ not Christ himself, but a type of him. Note
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I THE RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN CHRIST AND THE ROCK,
1. In nature. A rock is like Christ; it is stable, solid, fit for a foundation. A rock may be a great defence. "Be thou my strong Rock, a House of defence to cover me." A refreshing shade. "The shadow of a great rock," etc.
2. In the fact that the rock was smitten ere the waters flowed out.
3. Moses, the Laws representative, was the smiter. And to obey the Law, Christ was smitten.
II THE STREAMS WHICH FLOWED FROM IT. These tell of what from Christ flow to us pardoning mercy, sanctifying grace, spiritual consolation, eternal life. And as those streams, so these are free, satisfying, copious, constant.
III THE INQUIRIES SUGGESTED. Have we drunk of them? If not, do so. Are we drinking of them? Invite others. S.C.
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Charles H. Spurgeon 1885 · Public Domain On vv15–20 Ver. 15. He clave the rocks in the wilderness.…
Ver. 15. He clave the rocks in the wilderness. Moses was the instrument, but the Lord did it all. Twice he made the flint a gushing rill. What can he not do?
And gave them drink as out of the great depths, --as though it gushed from earth's innermost reservoirs. The streams were so fresh, so copious, so constant, that they seemed to well up from the earth's primeval fountains, and to leap at once from "the deep which coucheth beneath." Here was a divine supply for Israel's urgent need, and such an one as ought to have held them for ever in unwavering fidelity to their wonder working God.
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Ver. 15. The rocks. They were typical of Christ, 1Co 10:4; who is frequently compared to one for height, strength, and duration, shade, shelter, and protection; and is called the "Rock of Israel, " the "Rock of offence to both houses of Israel, "the "Rock of salvation, "the "Rock of refuge, "the "Rock of strength, "the "Rock that is higher than, "the saints, and on which the church is built, and who is "the shadow of a great rock in a weary land." John Gill.
Ver. 15. Gave them drink as out of the great depths. As if he had formed a lake or an ocean, furnishing an inexhaustible supply. Albert Barnes.
Ver. 15-16. Divine supplies seasonable, plentiful, of the best, marvellous.
Psalms 78:16*
Ver. 15-16. Divine supplies seasonable, plentiful, of the best, marvellous.
Charles H. Spurgeon's The Treasury of David (1869–1885) — public domain. Psalms only. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
The Biblical Illustrator 1887 · Public Domain On vv15, 17, 18, 19, 20 He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave…
Psa_78:15-16
He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths.
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Streams from the rock
I. Consider thy rock as a representation of Christ.
1. What does a rock remind us of?
(1) Solidity and firmness. Christ is the same, yesterday, to-day, and for ever.
(2) Power of defence. Christ is mighty to save. Able to save to the uttermost.
(3) Power of support. Upon this rock I will build My Church.
(4) Power of refreshment. This is desirable; but bow is it with regard to Christians as to their relation to Christ? By believing they enter into rest; they feel a peace that passeth all understanding; in all their afflictions, tribulations, and trials, whether personal or relative, they find here the shadow of a great rock in a weary land.
2. We pass from the image to its condition; we mean with regard to its being smitten. And how did the Lord Jesus become the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey Him? Not only by the dignity of His nature, though this was necessary; not only by the innocence of His life, though this was necessary; and not only by the perfection of His righteousness, but by suffering and by death: He was wounded for our transgressions, etc.
3. It was not only smitten, but smitten by Moses--a type of the law. The Lord laid on Him the iniquity of us all. He redeemed us from the curse of the law, etc.
4. The last article of conformity is the result, for from this rock, as Smitten by Moses, streams flowed. He brought streams also out of the rock.
II. To survey some of the fine streams which flowed from it.
1. The promises. These are exceeding great and precious--exceeding great, because of their contents; exceeding precious to the Christian, because of the estimation they are held in by him. All these are Yea and Amen in Christ Jesus.
2. Pardoning mercy. His blood cleanseth from all sin.
3. Sanctifying grace. If any man be in Christ he is a new creature.
4. Spiritual consolation. It is I, be not afraid.
5. Future blessedness. Fulness of joy. Eye hath not seen, etc.
III. The quality of these streams.
1. They were marvellous and unlikely. Who ever saw a stream of water rising out of a flinty rock? How much more supernatural is the stream of redemption!
2. They were gratuitous. He did not deal with them according to their sine, nor reward them after their iniquity, but furnished them with those supplies they needed. And how was it with us? for they were an exact counterpart of us. It was not by works of righteousness that we have done that He saved us, but by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost; thus showing the exceeding riches of His grace in His kindness towards us by Christ Jesus.
3. They were copious (verse16). So in regard to the waters of life, there is enough and to spare; enough for you, enough for others, enough for all. Ho, every one that thirsteth; come ye to the waters.
4. They were constant, at least enough so to furnish an exact representation of the waters of salvation, for you have heard how far the reality has the pre-eminence. This rock in its streams followed them partially, and only for a while; and the people moved on in another direction, leaving these streams, and then they thirsted again. But it is true, perfectly true, without any exception, that this rock, or the streams thereof, follow Christians in all their travels in the wilderness, and it will never leave them, nor forsake them. When they look forward, therefore, they may say with holy confidence, Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life; and the meanest of them feels assured that he shall dwell for ever in Gods house above. (W. Jay.)
The Biblical Illustrator, edited by Joseph S. Exell (c. 1880s–1900s) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
unfoldingWord translationNotes 2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On vv15, 17, 19 He split
He split
"God split"
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enough to fill the depths of the sea
This is probably hyperbole. AT: "more water than they could possibly drink" (See: Hyperbole and Generalization)
streams
small rivers
translationWords
desert
unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.
Tyndale Open Study Notes 2022 · CC BY-SA 4.0 On v17 78:17-31 Israel rebelled in the wilderness despite God’s abundant…
78:17-31 Israel rebelled in the wilderness despite God’s abundant provision.
Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.