Commandments · Negative commandments

Not to shave or cut the hair of the tzaraat affliction

#224 Negative commandment Leviticus 13:33

The cited verse

The Hebrew (Masoretic Text)

וְהִתְגַּלָּ֔ח וְאֶת־הַנֶּ֖תֶק לֹ֥א יְגַלֵּ֑חַ

In Maimonides’ words

How Maimonides defines this commandment in his Sefer HaMitzvot — his own words, shown as a primary source.

הזהיר מלגלח שער הנתק. והוא אמרו ואת הנתק לא יגלח. ולשון ספרא מנין לתולש סימני טומאה שעובר בלא תעשה תלמוד לומר ואת הנתק לא יגלח. (תזריע, הלכות טומאת צרעת פ"א):

He prohibited shaving off the scab [of tsaraat]. And that is His saying, "but he shall not shave the scab" (Leviticus 13:33). And the language of the Sifra (Sifra, Tazria Parashat Nega'im, Chapter 9:7) is, "From where [do we know] that one who tears away signs of impurity transgresses a negative commandment? [Hence] we learn to say, 'but he shall not shave the scab.'" (See Parashat Tazria; Mishneh Torah, Defilement by Leprosy 1.)

Hebrew: Sefer HaMitzvot, Warsaw 1883 (public domain). English: Sefaria Edition, trans. Rabbi Francis Nataf, 2021 (CC0). Via Sefaria; translator’s footnotes omitted.

Literary form: a ritual instruction

Applicability

How the catalog describes where and when this commandment applies. These are independent descriptions, not a verdict on which laws still count.

No applicability flags are recorded for this commandment.

Classical halakhic consequences

The consequences the classical halakhah attaches to this commandment, grouped by who imposes them. Where a category has none recorded, that absence is itself meaningful.

Imposed by a court

  • Lashes (malkot)

At the hands of Heaven

No divinely-imposed consequence is recorded.

Ritual remedy

No ritual remedy is recorded.

How the streams of Judaism treat this commandment

The streams of Judaism read the same commandment differently — an ongoing plurality, not a ranking. Each position below is reported as the catalog records it; none is presented as the correct one.

  • Orthodox Binding
  • Conservative Not binding
  • Reform Not binding
  • Reconstructionist Not binding
  • Karaite Not binding

24 of 613 commandments have been examined in depth so far — this one is queued.

How later traditions received this commandment

How later traditions read or reworked this commandment, each attributed to its own voice. The catalog’s own classification of each reception is shown as it records it, never adopted as GEBible’s.

Qumran (the Dead Sea Scrolls)

  • 4Q266 (4QDamascusª) frag. 6 col. i preserves Qumran skin-affliction (ṣāraʿat) purity halakhah broadly developing the Lev 13 examination rules The catalog describes this reception as: restated/elaborated

Josephus

  • Ant. 3.264-269 reinterpreted it

The Church Fathers

  • Origen, Homiliae in Leviticum 8 read it allegorically

Where this commandment meets modern human-rights frameworks

One modern normative lens, attributed to it — not GEBible’s assessment. Each row names the framework it measures against and the catalog’s own classification of the relation.

This framework catalogues tensions; it records agreement in only one of its entries. The near-total tension rate is the shape of the instrument, not a finding.

  • general principle

    This framework classifies the relation as a direct contradiction.

    The commandment prohibits a person from shaving a portion of their own body (the neteq area) under penalty of corporal punishment; modern norms of bodily autonomy hold that individuals possess sovereign authority over their own physical persons, making state-imposed physical penalties for self-grooming decisions a direct conflict.

  • Article 7

    This framework classifies the relation as a direct contradiction.

    The prescribed sanction of thirty-nine lashes (malkot) for shaving a diagnostic skin area constitutes corporal punishment; ICCPR Article 7 prohibits torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, which post-Enlightenment legal consensus treats as inclusive of judicially imposed flogging.

  • general principle

    This framework classifies the relation as a direct contradiction.

    Imposing thirty-nine lashes for shaving a portion of one's own afflicted scalp or beard — a diagnostic regulatory act rather than a harmful act against another person — is grossly disproportionate by the standards of modern penal theory, which calibrates punishment to the gravity of harm caused.

  • general principle

    This framework classifies the relation as abrogated in practice.

    Rabbinic tradition holds that malkot jurisdiction lapsed with the dissolution of the ordained Sanhedrin in the fourth century CE; the de jure norm prescribing flogging for neteq-shaving remains on the books but is doubly inoperative — neither the diagnostic procedure nor the punishing court exists.

Source & licence

The commentary, cross-references, reception, and modern-conflict analysis in this section are drawn from a public compilation of the 613 commandments, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The cited biblical text is rendered from GEBible’s own public-domain reading corpus. CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab). GEBible’s presentation of this material is offered under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 terms.