Ashkelon will see it, and fear; Gaza also, and will writhe in agony; as will Ekron, for her expectation will be disappointed; and the king will perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon will not be inhabited.
Parallel Translations
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Ashkelon will see it, and fear; Gaza also, and will writhe in agony; as will Ekron, for her expectation will be disappointed; and the king will perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon will not be inhabited.
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Ashkelon shall see it, and fear; Gaza also shall see it, and be very sorrowful, and Ekron; for her expectation shall be ashamed; and the king shall perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall not be inhabited.
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Ashkelon shall see it, and fear, Gaza also, and shall be sore pained, and Ekron, for her expectation shall be ashamed; and the king shall perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall not be inhabited.
Cross-references (12)
Passages linked to Zechariah 9:5 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, ordered by reader-vote popularity; verse text shown in World English Bible.
- Acts 8:26 But an angel of the Lord spoke to Philip, saying, “Arise, and go toward the south to the way that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza. This is a desert.”
- Jeremiah 47:1 Yahweh’s word that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the Philistines, before Pharaoh struck Gaza.
- Zephaniah 2:4-7 For Gaza will be forsaken, and Ashkelon a desolation. They will drive out Ashdod at noonday, and Ekron will be rooted up. Woe to the inhabitants of the sea coast, the nation of the Cherethites! Yahweh’s word is against you, Canaan, the land of the Philistines. I will destroy you, that there will be no inhabitant. The sea coast will be pastures, with cottages for shepherds and folds for flocks. The coast will be for the remnant of the house of Judah. They will find pasture. In the houses of Ashkelon, they will lie down in the evening, for Yahweh, their God, will visit them, and restore them.
- Revelation 18:9-17 The kings of the earth who committed sexual immorality and lived wantonly with her will weep and wail over her, when they look at the smoke of her burning, standing far away for the fear of her torment, saying, ‘Woe, woe, the great city, Babylon, the strong city! For your judgment has come in one hour.’ The merchants of the earth weep and mourn over her, for no one buys their merchandise any more: merchandise of gold, silver, precious stones, pearls, fine linen, purple, silk, scarlet, all expensive wood, every vessel of ivory, every vessel made of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble; and cinnamon, incense, perfume, frankincense, wine, olive oil, fine flour, wheat, sheep, horses, chariots, and people’s bodies and souls. The fruits which your soul lusted after have been lost to you. All things that were dainty and sumptuous have perished from you, and you will find them no more at all. The merchants of these things, who were made rich by her, will stand far away for the fear of her torment, weeping and mourning, saying, ‘Woe, woe, the great city, she who was dressed in fine linen, purple, and scarlet, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls! For in an hour such great riches are made desolate.’ Every ship master, and everyone who sails anywhere, and mariners, and as many as gain their living by sea, stood far away,
- Isaiah 14:29-31 Don’t rejoice, O Philistia, all of you, because the rod that struck you is broken; for out of the serpent’s root an adder will emerge, and his fruit will be a fiery flying serpent. The firstborn of the poor will eat, and the needy will lie down in safety; and I will kill your root with famine, and your remnant will be killed. Howl, gate! Cry, city! You are melted away, Philistia, all of you; for smoke comes out of the north, and there is no straggler in his ranks.
- Isaiah 20:5-6 They will be dismayed and confounded, because of Ethiopia their expectation, and of Egypt their glory. The inhabitants of this coast land will say in that day, ‘Behold, this is our expectation, where we fled for help to be delivered from the king of Assyria. And we, how will we escape?’ ”
- Jeremiah 47:4-7 because of the day that comes to destroy all the Philistines, to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every helper who remains; for Yahweh will destroy the Philistines, the remnant of the isle of Caphtor. Baldness has come on Gaza; Ashkelon is brought to nothing, the remnant of their valley: how long will you cut yourself? “ ‘You sword of Yahweh, how long will it be before you are quiet? Put yourself back into your scabbard; rest, and be still.’ “How can you be quiet, since Yahweh has given you a command? Against Ashkelon, and against the seashore, there has he appointed it.”
- Ezekiel 25:15-17 “ ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Because the Philistines have taken revenge, and have taken vengeance with contempt of soul to destroy with perpetual hostility;” therefore the Lord Yahweh says, “Behold, I will stretch out my hand on the Philistines, and I will cut off the Cherethites, and destroy the remnant of the sea coast. I will execute great vengeance on them with wrathful rebukes. Then they will know that I am Yahweh, when I lay my vengeance on them.” ’ ”
- Ezekiel 26:15-21 “The Lord Yahweh says to Tyre: ‘Won’t the islands shake at the sound of your fall, when the wounded groan, when the slaughter is made within you? Then all the princes of the sea will come down from their thrones, and lay aside their robes, and strip off their embroidered garments. They will clothe themselves with trembling. They will sit on the ground, and will tremble every moment, and be astonished at you. They will take up a lamentation over you, and tell you, “How you are destroyed, who were inhabited by seafaring men, the renowned city, who was strong in the sea, she and her inhabitants, who caused their terror to be on all who lived there!” Now the islands will tremble in the day of your fall. Yes, the islands that are in the sea will be dismayed at your departure.’ “For the Lord Yahweh says: ‘When I make you a desolate city, like the cities that are not inhabited; when I bring up the deep on you, and the great waters cover you; then I will bring you down with those who descend into the pit, to the people of old time, and will make you dwell in the lower parts of the earth, in the places that are desolate of old, with those who go down to the pit, that you be not inhabited; and I will set glory in the land of the living. I will make you a terror, and you will no more have any being. Though you are sought for, yet you will never be found again,’ says the Lord Yahweh.”
- Philippians 1:20 according to my earnest expectation and hope, that I will in no way be disappointed, but with all boldness, as always, now also Christ will be magnified in my body, whether by life or by death.
- Jeremiah 51:8-9 Babylon has suddenly fallen and been destroyed! Wail for her! Take balm for her pain. Perhaps she may be healed. “We would have healed Babylon, but she is not healed. Forsake her, and let’s each go into his own country; for her judgment reaches to heaven, and is lifted up even to the skies.
- Romans 5:5 and hope doesn’t disappoint us, because God’s love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us.
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John Calvin 1540 · Public Domain In this verse also is described the devastation of…
In this verse also is described the devastation of those cities which the Prophet names; as though he had said, that all those cities which had risen up against God’s people were devoted to extreme vengeance. Zechariah says that none would be exempt from punishment, since the hand of God would be stretched forth, and extend everywhere, so that it might be easily concluded, that all those who had unjustly harassed the Church would be thus rewarded for their cruelty. This is the import of what is here said.
He says that Ascalon would see and fear; for at that time the Ascalonites were hostile to the Jews. He speaks the same of Aza, which the Greeks called Gaza; but they were deceived in thinking it was a name given to it by Cambyses, for the reason that Gaza means a treasure in the Persian language. This is childish. It is indeed certain that it has been owing to a change in the pronunciation of one letter; for ע, oin, is guttural among the Hebrews, and was formerly so pronounced, like our g: as they called Amorrah, Gomorrah, so Aza is Gaza. We have spoken of this elsewhere.
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Now it appears from geography that these cities were near the sea, or not far from the sea, and having this advantage they gathered much wealth. But as wealth commonly generates pride and cruelty, all these nations were very troublesome to the Jews. This is the reason why the Prophet says that grief would come on Gaza, and then on Ekron and on other cities. He adds, Because ashamed shall be her expectation. There is no doubt but they had placed their trust in Tyrus, which was thought to be impregnable; for though enemies might have subdued the whole land, there a secure station remained. Since they all looked to Tyrus, the Prophet says that their hope would be confounded, when Tyrus was overthrown and destroyed. The sum of the whole is, that the beginning of the vengeance would be at Tyrus, which was situated as it were beyond the world, so as not to be exposed to any evils. He says then that the beginning of the calamity would be in that city, to which no misfortunes, as it was thought, could find an access. And then he mentions that other cities, on seeing Tyrus visited with ruin, would be terrified, as their confidence would be thus subverted. He afterwards adds, Perish shall the king from Gaza, and Ascalon shall not be inhabited; that is, such a change will take place as will almost obliterate the appearance of these cities. It follows —
John Calvin's Commentaries (1540-1563) — public domain. Text from the Calvin Translation Society English edition (1840s-50s) via the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (ccel.org). Calvin's coverage is partial (roughly two-thirds of the Bible); uncommented books and verses are honest gaps, never fabricated. The 19th-century editor's footnotes and remarks are omitted so the notes are faithfully Calvin's own voice.
John Trapp 1656 · Public Domain Zec 9:5 Ashkelon shall see [it], and fear; Gaza…
Zec 9:5 Ashkelon shall see [it], and fear; Gaza also [shall see it], and be very sorrowful, and Ekron; for her expectation shall be ashamed; and the king shall perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall not be inhabited.
Ver. 5. Ashkelon shall see it and fear] For, iam proximus ardet Ucalegon, her next neighbour’s house was now on fire; and she might well fear she should be dashed at least with the tail of that overflowing storm that had swept away Tyre. The sword was now in commission; it was riding circuit, Eze 14:17, and God had given it a special charge against Ashkelon, and against the sea shore; there he had appointed it, Jer 47:6-7. Now Ashkelon, Gaza, and Ekron were situated all along the sea coast, southward of Tyre and Sidon. All these were bitter enemies to the Church; and were therefore destroyed by Alexander the Great, that man of God’s hand.
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Gaza also shall see it, and be very sorrowful] Like a travailing woman, as Isa 26:17-18, where the same word is used; her heart shall ache and quake within her; she shall have sore throes and throbs.
And Ekron; for her expectation shall be ashamed] Her hope hath abused her, her confidence is cut off, her countenance is covered with confusion. She looked that Tyre should have been a bulwark to her: or at least a refuge, if need were, but now she seeth her expectation shamed: "The expectation of the wicked shall perish." They look out of the window with Sisera’s mother, and say, "Have they not sped? have they not divided the prey," &c.? But what saith the Church? "So let thine enemies perish, O Lord," Jdg 5:30-31.
And the king shall perish from Gaza] Rex, id est, Regulus; The King, it is Regulus. for there were five princes of the Philistines; each great city having a prince over it. The Prince of Gaza that is here designed to destruction may very well be that Betis, whom Darius, the last King of Persia, had set over Gaza. He having kept out Alexander for two months, was at length taken up by him together with the city, and put to a cruel death, as Curtius testifieth.
And Ashkelon shall not be inhabited] It was so wasted by war and depopulated that it became cottages for shepherds and folds for sheep. See Zep 2:4; Zep 2:6. Howbeit after this it was reinhabited; for that bloody Herod that slew the infants was born there, being surnamed Ascalonita; and at this day it is a strong garrison of the Saracens. Saladin pulled down the walls of it; but our Richard I set them up again, as Adrichomius telleth us out of Gul. Tyrius.
John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Matthew Poole 1685 · Public Domain Ashkelon, threatened by Zephaniah, Zep 2:4, which threat was…
Ashkelon, threatened by Zephaniah, Zep 2:4, which threat was executed by the Babylonians soon after the Jews’ captivity, when Nebuchadnezzar wasted the seacoast, and besieged and took Tyre; but this threat of Zechariah was fully executed by Alexander the Great, as is most likely.
Shall see it; as cities see the fall of neighbouring cities, they shall have the news of it, and know it; perhaps some Ashkelonites may be there, and see the siege, and tell it.
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And fear; as men that have no power to defend themselves, nor means left of fleeing from the enemy.
Gaza; another strong town, a principality of the Philistines, enemy to Israel; which in Nebuchadnezzar’s time suffered with Tyre, Zep 2:4, and shall again so suffer in Alexander’s time, as here foretold.
Be very sorrowful; at the news of Tyre’s fall shall take a fright, and fall into sorrows of a travailing woman, as the word imports.
Ekron, a city famous for idolatry, see Zep 2:4, shall as much fear and grieve as Ashkelon or Gaza.
Her expectation, her hope that Tyre would break Alexander’s power, or hold out against it, and be a refuge to her citizens, who could not hope to withstand the conqueror,
shall be ashamed; turned into shame and confusion.
The king shall perish from Gaza; the government be overthrown; and perhaps this literally was fulfilled when Alexander the Great took Gaza after two months’ siege, and two slight wounds received, and finding Boetis, the king or roitelet, advanced to that dignity by Darius, thought good to put him to a cruel death, as Curtius, l. 4.
Ashkelon shall not be inhabited, i.e. for some years it shall be as waste, or as it was laid by the Babylonian, according to Zep 2:4.
Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
John Gill 1763 · Public Domain Ashkelon shall see it, and fear,.... That is, as…
Ashkelon shall see it, and fear,.... That is, as Kimchi explains it, when Ashkelon shall see that Tyre humbles herself and submits, she shall humble herself and submit also: and the sense may be, that the inhabitants of Ashkelon, seeing that Tyre, with all her wisdom and strong reasoning, could not stand before the power of the Gospel, but submitted and embraced the Christian religion, were induced, through the efficacy of divine grace, to do the same; and certain it is that this place became Christian; we read (h) of a bishop of Ashkelon, in the synod of Nice, and of other bishops of this place in later councils: it belonged to Palestine, and was one of the five lordships of the Philistines, Jos 13:3.
Gaza also shall see it, and be very sorrowful; this was a city of Palestine, near to Ashkelon; they are mentioned together, Jdg 1:18 the Gentile inhabitants of this place, when they saw the progress the Gospel made in Tyre, Zidon, and Ashkelon, were grieved at it, but many among them submitted to it: very likely Philip the evangelist first preached the Gospel here; see Act 8:26 there was a Christian bishop of this place in the Nicene council, and others in after ones (i).
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And Ekron; for her expectation shall be ashamed; this was also one of the five lordships of the Philistines, Jos 13:3 which, being near to Tyre, had its dependence on that, expecting it could never be taken; but when they saw that it was taken by Alexander, it was ashamed of its vain expectation, hope, and confidence: and so the inhabitants of this place, when the Gospel came to it, were "ashamed of the house of their confidence", as the Targum paraphrases the words; the confidence they had in their idols, and in the works of their own hands; and were also "ashamed because of their iniquities", as the Arabic version renders them; being convinced of them, and humbled for them, and betaking themselves to Christ for salvation from them. It is probable, that Philip preached the Gospel here, seeing it was not far from Azotus or Ashdod, next mentioned, where Philip is heard of after the baptism of the eunuch: and if Ekron is the same with Caesarea, that was called Strato's tower, as say the Jews (k); and which also Jerom (l) observes, some say are the same it is certain that Philip was there, Act 8:40 there were several Christian bishops of this place in later times (m).
And the king shall perish from Gaza; some understand this of Batis, who was governor of Gaza, when it was taken by Alexander; who was fastened to a chariot, and dragged about the city, as Curtius (n) relates; but this man was not a king, but governor of the city under one: I rather think the idol Marnes, which signifies "the lord of man", and was worshipped in this place, is here meant; which when it became Christian was destroyed, and a Christian church built in the room of it, as is reported by Jerom (o).
And Ashkelon shall not be inhabited; by Heathens, but by Christians.
(h) Reland. Palestina Illustrata, l. 3. p. 594. (i) Ib. p. 795. (k) T. Bab. Megilla, fol. 6. 1. (l) De locis Hebraicis, fol. 88. D. (m) Reland. ib. p. 676, &c. (n) Hist. l. 4. c. 6. (o) Comment in Isa. xvii. tom. 5. fol. 39. H. Epist. ad Laetam, tom. 1. fol. 19. E.
John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
John Wesley 1765 · Public Domain Her expectation - Her hope that Tyre would break…
Her expectation - Her hope that Tyre would break Alexander's power, or hold out against it. Ashamed - Turned into shame and confusion. The king - The government shall be overthrown. Shall not be inhabited - For many years.
John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.
Adam Clarke 1810 · Public Domain Verse 5. Ashkelon shall see it, and fear] All…
Verse 5. Ashkelon shall see it, and fear] All these prophecies seem to have been fulfilled before the days of Zechariah; another evidence that these last chapters were not written by him.
Her expectation shalt be ashamed] The expectation of being succoured by Tyre.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Albert Barnes 1834 · Public Domain Ashkelon shall see and fear - The words express…
Ashkelon shall see and fear - The words express that to see and fear shall be as one. The mightiest and wealthiest, Tyre, having fallen, the neighbor cities of Philistia who had hoped that her might should be their stay, shall stand in fear and shame. Tyre, being a merchant-city, the mother-city of the cities of the African coast and in Spain, its desolation caused the more terror Isa 23:5-11.
And the - (a) king shall perish from Gaza - that is it shall have no more kings. It had been the policy of the world-empires to have tributary kings in the petty kingdoms which they conquered, thus providing lot their continued tranquil submission to themselves . The internal government remained as before: the people felt no difference, except as to the payment of the tribute. The policy is expressed by the title “king of kings,” which they successively bore. Sennacherib speaks of the kings of Ascalon, Ekron and Gaza .
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A contemperary of Alexander mentions, that the king of Gaza was brought alive to Alexander on its capture. Alexander’s policy was essentially different from that of the world-monarchs before him. They desired only to hold an empire as wide as possible, leaving the native kings, if they could; and only, if these were intractable, placing their own lieutenants. Alexander’s policy was to blend East and West into one. . These petty sovereignties, so many insulated centers of mutual repulsion, were essentially at variance with this plan, and so this remnant of sovereignty of 1,500 years was taken away by him, when, after a siege in which he himself was twice wounded, he took it. Alexander wholly depopulated it, and repeopled the city with strangers.
And Ashkelon shall not be inhabited - Ashkelon yielded at once to Jonathan, when he “camped against it” (1 Macc. 10:86), after he had taken and “burned Ashdod and the cities round about it.” In another expedition of Jonathan its inhabitants “met him honorably,” while “they of Gaza shut him out” at first (1 Macc. 11:60, 61). “Simon - passed through the country unto Ascalon, and the holds there adjoining,” without resistance, whereas “he turned aside to Joppe, and won it” (1 Macc. 12:33). He placed Jews in Gaza, but of Ascalon nothing is said. The ruins of a Christian city, built on its site, “khirbet-Ascalon,” have been lately discovered in the hills near Tell Zakariyeh, , and so, a little south of Timnath, a Philistine city in the days of Samson, whence Samson went to it, to gain the 30 changes of raiment Jdg 14:19. Commentators have assigned reasons, why Samson might have gone so far as the maritime Ascalon, whereas, in fact, he went to a city close by.
That city, in 536 a.d., had its Bishop . : “The site shows the remains of an early Christian Church or convent:” as a great lintel of stone , resembling somewhat the Maltese Cross, lies on the ground.” It was probably destroyed by the inundation of Muslim conquest. In 1163 a.d. it was a ruin. The distance of the ruins from the Ascalon Maiumas corresponds to that assigned by Benjamin of Tudela, being twice the distance of that city from Ashdod ; but since he was at Beth Jibrin, he must have been not far from the spot where it has been recently discovered . The Ashkelon, which was Herod’s birth-place and which he beautified, must have been the well-known city by the sea; since the distance from Jerusalem assigned by Josephus is too great for the old Ashkelon, and he speaks of it as on the sea .
Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary 1859 · Public Domain Ascalon was ruined. The other cities opened their gates,…
Ascalon was ruined. The other cities opened their gates, as Jerusalem did. (Josephus, Antiquities xi. ultra) --- Batis alone resolved to defend Gaza. He was dragged round the city when it was taken, after a siege of two months; the inhabitants were slaughtered or sold, and others brought in their stead. (Curtius iv.; Diodorus Oly. cxii.)
George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown 1871 · Public Domain Ashkelon, &c.--Gath alone is omitted, perhaps as being somewhat…
Ashkelon, &c.--Gath alone is omitted, perhaps as being somewhat inland, and so out of the route of the advancing conqueror.
Ekron . . . expectation . . . ashamed--Ekron, the farthest north of the Philistine cities, had expected Tyre would withstand Alexander, and so check his progress southward through Philistia to Egypt. This hope being confounded ("put to shame"), Ekron shall "fear."
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king shall perish from Gaza--Its government shall be overthrown. In literal fulfilment of this prophecy, after a two month's siege, Gaza was taken by Alexander, ten thousand of its inhabitants slain, and the rest sold as slaves. Betis the satrap, or petty "king," was bound to a chariot by thongs thrust through the soles of his feet, and dragged round the city.
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
Daniel D. Whedon 1874 · Public Domain 5. Ashkelon… Gaza… Ekron… Ashdod — Four of the…
5. Ashkelon… Gaza… Ekron… Ashdod — Four of the five chief cities of Philistia. Here as in Amo_1:6-8; Zep_2:4; Jer_25:20, Gath is omitted (see further on Amo_1:6-8). The order in which the cities are mentioned here is the same as in Jer_25:20, which passage may be in the mind of the prophet.
Shall see… fear — Only with Ashkelon are both these verbs found; shall see it must be supplied with Gaza, and shall see it and fear with Ekron. The cities will see the destruction of the northern cities and they will be afraid that a similar fate will befall them.
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Very sorrowful — R.V., “sore pained”; or, tremble greatly in terror.
For her expectation shall be ashamed — R.V., “shall be put to shame.”
These words explain the terror. What is asserted of Ekron was equally true of the other Philistian cities. They expected the strong cities in the north to hold out; as long as they did so the Philistines had nothing to fear, but their fall will bring to naught all hopes and expectations. Their fear is well founded, for the enemy will soon be upon them.
The king shall perish from Gaza — Gaza will lose her independence.
Ashkelon shall not be inhabited — The population will be destroyed or carried into exile.
Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges 1878 · Public Domain 5. her expectation] The cities of Philistia, to which…
5. her expectation] The cities of Philistia, to which (Zec_9:5-7) after the subjugation of Syria (Zec_9:1-2) and Phœnicia (Zec_9:3-4), the scourge passed, had naturally looked to Tyre to check the course of the invader and so save them from his onslaught.
the king shall perish from Gaza] Rather, a king. The prediction is, not that the then reigning monarch should perish, but that monarchical government should cease. No argument can be drawn from this in favour of the ante-captivity date of this prophecy. It had been the policy of the Assyrians, Chaldæans and Persians to leave tributary kings in the countries which they subdued. Hence their own monarchs assumed the title of “king of kings” (Ezr_7:12; Eze_26:7; Dan_2:37), and as Herodotus states it was the custom of the Persians to put honour upon the sons of the kings whom they had deposed and promote them to the sovereignty of their fathers (iii. 15). Alexander on the contrary pursued an entirely different plan and aimed at a consolidated empire. Such tributary monarchies were therefore abolished by him. Hegesias, a writer contemporary with Alexander, states that the king of Gaza was brought alive to the conqueror after the capture of the city, which in spite of the fate of Tyre had held out for five months. There is considerable difficulty in reconciling the statements of different writers on this point, but there seems no reason to doubt that the ruler of Gaza bore the title of “king” at that time.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers 1878 · Public Domain (5) See it, and fear.—Well might Philistia fear and…
(5) See it, and fear.—Well might Philistia fear and tremble on hearing of the destruction of Tyre. Ashkelon and Ekron, it is true, are not mentioned in connection with this march of Alexander, but they must necessarily have been occupied by his troops. But Gaza was certainly taken, after a siege of five months; and special mention is made by Hegesias (a contemporary of Alexander) of the “king” of Gaza being brought alive to Alexander after the capture of that city.
Not be inhabited.—Or, not remain.
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The Pulpit Commentary 1880 · Public Domain Ashkelon shall see it. The ruin of so mighty…
Ashkelon shall see it. The ruin of so mighty a city as Tyre naturally filled neighbouring people with dismay. The prophet directs his attention to Philistia, and threatens its chief cities. The cities are enumerated in the same order as in Jer_25:20. Gath is omitted, as in Amo_1:6-8 and Zep_2:4. It seems never to have recovered its destruction by Uzziah. (2Ch_26:6) (For Ashkelon, Gaza, and Ekron, see note on Amo_1:6) Her expectation shall be ashamed. The hope of aid from Tyre shall not be fulfilled. After the fall of Tyre, Alexander continued his march southwards towards Egypt, subduing the cities on his way. The siege of Gaze delayed him some months; and when it was taken, it shared the treatment of Tyre. Its governor, one Batis, a eunuch, was tied alive to the conqueror"s chariot, and dragged round the walls, in cruel imitation of the fate of Hector. The king shall perish from Gaza. No particular king is meant; but the prediction says that henceforward no king should reign in Gaze. In contrast with the Eastern policy of allowing conquered nations to retain their own rulers as tributary sovereigns, Alexander always deposed or slew reigning monarchs, and consolidated his empire by replacing them with governors of his own. The various chastisements are meted out by the prophet among the various cities, though they equally apply to all.
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary 1892 · Public Domain Zec_9:5.] Principal cities of the Philistines given. Gath only…
CRITICAL NOTES.]
Zec_9:5.] Principal cities of the Philistines given. Gath only left out, probably owing to its situation inland, lying out of the route of the army. The fall of Tyre terrified these capitals of different districts. If Tyre could not stand how could they? Expect.] Ekron, furthest north, expected Alexander would be checked at Tyre. Gaza] captured after a siege of two months. Betis, its governor, was bound to a chariot, and dragged round the city.
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Zec_9:6. Ashdod] A bastard (foreigner or stranger) of the conqueror’s nominated ruler.
Zec_9:7. Blood] of sacrifices, which heathens often drank. Abominations] Idolatrous offerings. “A prediction of future conversion of the Philistines to the knowledge and service of the true God. Their abandonment of idolatry, and their embracing the true religion, is represented by no longer drinking blood, and eating things sacrificed to idols, both of which were common among pagans, but prohibited by the Mosaic law, and by the apostles” (Num_25:2; Lev_7:6; Act_15:29) [Henderson]. He] The Philistines regarded as one. Left] Many Philistines became proselytes to Judaism, says Josephus. Governor] Philistine princes shall be like tribe-princes (chiliarchs) in Judah. There will be no distinction between proselytes and native Jews—all will enjoy equal honours and privileges. Jebusites] Original inhabitants of Jerusalem, subjugated by David, incorporated among Jews, and enjoyed their privileges (2Sa_24:16).
Zec_9:8. House] Jews, not to be injured by the army of Alexander on its march to or from Egypt. Fulfilled to the letter. Samaritans punished, but Jews escaped [cf. Henderson]. Seen] Lit. Now do I look with mine eyes. They were indebted to God’s providence only.
Zec_9:9.] A royal personage to appear without armies, and to reign without destructive judgments. Daughter] Theocratic nation to rejoice at the appearance of her king (Psa_2:11). Thine] i.e. the one promised and long expected. Just] in his official and personal character. An attribute of the Messiah in connection with salvation (Isa_45:21; Isa_53:11; Jer_23:5-6). Lowly] Expressing his general character, not merely his humiliation in first advent. Colt] A rough unbroken colt. An ass was not a mean and despised animal, but in triumphant processions horses were chosen, and arrayed in costly caparisons.
HOMILETICS
JUDGMENTS UPON PHILISTIA.—Zec_9:5-7
The prophet now turns to the inveterate enemies of Israel, and mentions four capitals of the Philistines. Their country lay between Tyre (or Phœnicia) and Egypt, the south-east of the Mediterranean Sea. What is said of one may be said of all, and the fate of the different cities corresponds with the prediction.
I. The cities lost their rulers. “The king shall perish from Gaza.” The Persians set up petty kings as vassals to their superior control. Notwithstanding two months’ siege, Gaza was taken, its inhabitants sold, and put to death. Betis, its brave king, was most cruelly fastened to the chariot of the conqueror, and dragged through the streets.
II. The cities were depopulated. “A foreigner shall sit as ruler in Ashdod.” They lost their native people, and were filled with a mongrel breed. At first a stranger was nominated to govern in Ashdod; but eventually “the inhabitant shall be cut off from Ashdod.” Ashkelon, once noted for its figs and fertility, though dismantled and re-fortified several times, is now surrounded with desolate ruins of former grandeur.
III. The cities were bereft of their religion. They shall no longer glut themselves with bloodsheddings. The prey of their gods was taken from their mouths. “I will take away his blood out of his mouth, and his abominations from between his teeth.” There was not mere suspension but total abolition of their idolatry. They lost their religion and their nationality, and were incorporated with the Jews.
IV. The cities were desolated. “I will cut off the pride of the Philistines.” Their hopes were “cut off;” for Tyre did not check Alexander’s triumphant march. Their fortifications were “cut off,” and levelled to the ground. Everything in which they prided themselves, strength, situation, wealth, and nationality, were “cut off.” The day of wrath came, and all was swept like chaff before the whirlwind. The desolate ruins now declare that God is a consuming fire. “For Gaza shall be forsaken, and Ashkelon a desolation; they shall drive out Ashdod at the noon-day, and Ekron shall be rooted up” (Zep_2:4).
A CONVERTED REMNANT OF PHILISTIA.—Zec_9:7
Just as God left a remnant for himself in Israel when judgment fell upon them, so a remnant shall be left for God in Philistia. “But he that remaineth, even he, shall be for our God.”
I. The remnant was preserved from destruction. Some remained after judgments had swept the land, and were converted to God. Monuments of grace and mercy set apart for him. From all nations God will gather his people. Nothing shall be a barrier to acceptance with him. “The son of the stranger that hath joined himself to the Lord” (Isa_56:3).
II. The remnant was incorporated with Israel. There would be no distinction between the Israelite and the Philistine.
1. Dignity would be conferred upon them. Their honour and elevation before God and the people “shall be as a governor in Judah.”
2. Equal privileges would be conferred upon them. “And Ekron as a Jebusite.” Jebusites were incorporated with Jews, and enjoyed equal honours and rights (2Sa_24:16). In Christ Jesus there is no distinction of race nor sect. All are one in him, and alike welcome to him. The proselytes under the Maccabean dynasty, were only a partial fulfilment of the text. Heathens shall yet be converted, and be joined to God’s people. “The strangers shall be joined with them, and they shall cleave to the house of Jacob” (cf. Isa_14:1; Isa_56:8).
THE DIVINE ENCAMPMENT.—Zec_9:8-9
While neighbouring nations are destroyed, a promise of Divine protection is made to the Jews. Their nationality would be preserved, and all their sufferings would turn out for good. For this they were indebted to God, who encamped about them, and watched over them.
I. The Christian Church is surrounded by enemies. She is in the battle-field, and at war with all ungodliness. Enemies seek to oppress and subdue her—pass by and return. There is marching and counter-marching, with a design to attack. Powers of darkness invade our spheres of action, and encamp within us. In this moral campaign the fight is indispensable, holy, and severe. “The good fight of faith.”
II. The Christian Church is defended by God. “I will encamp about mine house.” It is not a mere visit, but an encampment, a dwelling or settlement.
1. God watches over her. “Now have I seen with mine eyes.” Some think that he does not see at all, or only looks when he interferes. But he ever beholds the insolence of the enemy, and the sufferings of his people—will judge the one and avenge the other. “Awake to help me, and behold.”
2. God delivers her. “No oppressor shall pass through them any more.” Alexander punished the Samaritans, but favoured the Jews. No foreigners invaded the land before the advent of Messiah, as Assyrians and Chaldeans had done of old. God guarded them, like “the chariots of fire and horses of fire round about Elisha.” The power and goodness of God are pledged for the triumph and salvation of his Church. On every side the watch is kept with sleepless eyes. None can resist the Captain of the Lord of Hosts. “The Angel of the Lord encampeth round about them that fear him, and delivereth them.”
III. The Christian Church should rejoice in this defence. To show the magnitude and the consequences of this salvation, Zion is called upon to “rejoice” and “shout” for joy in the prospect before her (Zec_9:9). If the presence of Alexander, Cæsar, or Wellington, created joy in the camp; what confidence should the presence of God inspire! Napoleon’s oversight was remarkable, Cromwell’s interest in his men was great; but God says, “Rejoice greatly.” Cowardice in God’s presence is doubly criminal. “Cowards falter,” said Queen Elizabeth, “but danger is often overcome by those who nobly dare.” “Fear not, daughter of Sion” (Joh_12:15).
HOMILETIC HINTS AND OUTLINES
Zec_9:7. He that remaineth. The elect remnant.
1. From whom chosen.
2. To what promoted. Ekron as a Jebusite, as a denizen of Jerusalem; no longer an enemy, or a stranger and foreigner, but a fellow-citizen with the saints, and of the household of God. Two things in this promise.
1. It is a great thing to be a Jebusite. One of the highest of all privileges to “come to Mount Zion, the city of the living God.” What a governor have these citizens! What a charter have they! What can equal their safety, liberty, and defence?—their commerce, wealth, happiness, and peace? Their joy is unspeakable, and full of glory.
2. Jebusites may be derived from Ekronites. The thing has been done; and most unlikely characters have furnished pious converts—Manasseh, the dying thief, and the murderers of Jesus, prove this. What surpassed the guilt and depravity of the Corinthians? What says Paul of his own conversion? What triumphs of the riches, freeness, and power of Divine grace! Let none despair, however desperate his own case—nor despond with regard to any of our fellow-creatures. God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham [Jay].
Zec_9:8. The house of Jehovah. The workmanship, the residence, and the property of God. The camp of God, the deliverance of the good. “Seen with mine eyes.” With God, compassion is so intrinsic an attribute, that he is pictured as looking away when he does not put it forth. With God, to behold is to help [Pusey]. Hence God sees with approval and tender consideration—with a design to help his people, and punish their foes. He is an observant God—eyes and ears are set upon men—“in every place beholding the evil and the good.”
ILLUSTRATIONS TO CHAPTER 9
Zec_9:7. The happy effect of this humiliation of the great worldly powers of Persia, Syria, and Philistia, was this—that they lost their confidence in their own false deities, and were prepared to receive a purer faith. The prophet foretells this, and predicts also, that there will be a faithful remnant among those nations, which will turn to the true God; and many among the heathens will become governors in Judah; many who were once Gentiles will become preachers and missionaries in Christ’s Church. Even Ekron itself will become a Jebusite, a dweller in Jerusalem, the Church of God [Wordsworth].
Zec_9:8. Encamp. On every side the watch is kept by warriors of sleep less eyes, and the Captain of the Host is one whose prowess none can resist. We little know how many providential deliverances we owe to those unseen hands which are charged to bear us up, lest we dash our foot against a stone [Spurgeon].
Zec_9:9-10. Thy king. Christ as a mere man was great—great in intellect, heart, purpose, action; as a Mediator, supremely great. But how does this great Being, Prince of the powers of the earth, enter Jerusalem? In a triumphal chariot?—on a stately, prancing steed, accompanied by a magnificent cavalcade? No! On an ass. The more truly kingly a man is, the less he cares for conventional pageantry. Your great men have never cared for jewellery. The more ornaments are coveted, and dress is studied, the more mean and impoverished the soul. Heart of oak requires neither veneer nor varnish. A great age has never been an age of millinery and gold rings. The kingly soul does not care for the rose or the crown [Dr. Thomas].
The Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary (gen. ed. Joseph S. Exell; Funk & Wagnalls, c. 1892) — public domain (pre-1929). A full-Bible homiletical/sermon-outline anthology covering 65 of 66 books (2 John is absent from the source module). Text from a community e-Sword module.
unfoldingWord translationNotes 2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0 Ashkelon ... Gaza ... Ekron, her hopes
Ashkelon ... Gaza ... Ekron, her hopes
These cities each refer to the people who live in them. AT: "The people of Ashkelon ... the people of Gaza ... the hopes of the people of Ekron" (See: Metonymy)
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will see
"will see Tyre be destroyed"
Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod
"Foreigners will take over Ashdod and live there"
I will cut off the pride of the Philistines
Here "cut off" is an idiom that means to stop their pride. AT: "I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer" (See: Idiom)
I will remove their blood from their mouths and their abominations from between their teeth
Here "blood" is a metonym for meat with blood in it, and "abominations" is a metonym for meat offered to idols. AT: "I will no longer allow them to eat meat that still has blood in it, and I will forbid them to eat food that they offered to idols" (See: Metonymy)
translationWords
Ashkelon
fear
Gaza
Ekron
king
perish
Ashdod
cut off
Philistines
blood
abomination
remnant
God
clan
Judah
Jebus
unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.
Tyndale Open Study Notes 2022 · CC BY-SA 4.0 9:5-6 Ashkelon . . . Gaza . . .…
9:5-6 Ashkelon . . . Gaza . . . Ekron . . . Ashdod: These Philistine cities, located on the coastal plain of Israel, were defeated by David (2 Sam 5:17-25) but later regained some autonomy. The prophets Amos and Zephaniah pronounced similar judgments against the same four cities (Amos 1:6-8; Zeph 2:4-7).
Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.