Of all clean birds you may eat.
To examine the signs in birds to determine which are permitted for consumption
The cited verse
The Hebrew (Masoretic Text)
כָּל־צִפּוֹר טְהֹרָה תֹּאכֵלוּ
Literary form: a flat, unconditional command
Applicability
How the catalog describes where and when this commandment applies. These are independent descriptions, not a verdict on which laws still count.
- Recorded as practiced today
Classical halakhic consequences
The consequences the classical halakhah attaches to this commandment, grouped by who imposes them. Where a category has none recorded, that absence is itself meaningful.
Imposed by a court
No court-imposed penalty is recorded.
At the hands of Heaven
No divinely-imposed consequence is recorded.
Ritual remedy
No ritual remedy is recorded.
How the streams of Judaism treat this commandment
The streams of Judaism read the same commandment differently — an ongoing plurality, not a ranking. Each position below is reported as the catalog records it; none is presented as the correct one.
- Orthodox Binding
- Conservative Binding
- Reform Kept as an ethical principle
- Reconstructionist Not binding
- Karaite Binding
24 of 613 commandments have been examined in depth so far — this one is queued.
How later traditions received this commandment
How later traditions read or reworked this commandment, each attributed to its own voice. The catalog’s own classification of each reception is shown as it records it, never adopted as GEBible’s.
Philo of Alexandria
- De Specialibus Legibus 4.116-118 read it allegorically
Josephus
- Ant. 3.259ff. affirmed it General summary of the dietary/clean-animal laws; Josephus offers no discrete bird-classification treatment at this locus, and the reference is approximate
The New Testament
- Mark 7:19 treated it as abrogated Narrative gloss declaring all foods clean; addressed to dietary purity in general rather than to avian classification in particular; the Matthean parallel (Matt 15:17-20) is less explicit
- Acts 10:11-15 treated it as abrogated Peter's vision of unclean creatures (including birds of the air) with the command not to call common what God has cleansed
The Church Fathers
- Epistle of Barnabas, Barnabas 10.1-4 read it allegorically
- Novatian, De Cibis Iudaicis 3 read it spiritually
Where this commandment meets modern human-rights frameworks
One modern normative lens, attributed to it — not GEBible’s assessment. Each row names the framework it measures against and the catalog’s own classification of the relation.
This framework catalogues tensions; it records agreement in only one of its entries. The near-total tension rate is the shape of the instrument, not a finding.
No tension with the catalogued modern frameworks is recorded here.